Elaboration is a process by which a stimulus is linked to other information at the time of encoding. For example, you are studying phobias for your psychology test, and you apply this information to your own fear of spiders.
	Elaboration often consists of thinking of examples–self-generated examples seem to work best.
	Visual imagery involves the creation of visual images to represent the words to be remembered. Concrete words are much easier to create images of (example, juggler vs. truth).
	Dual-coding theory holds that memory is enhanced by forming semantic or visual codes, since either can lead to recall. Visual imagery provides a second kind of memory code, and two codes are better than one.