Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Mason
is already late for an important appointment when he realizes he is almost out of gas. He stops to
fill up, and the clerk has trouble getting approval on his credit card. When he finally pulls out of
the service station, the traffic is crawling because of an accident. Inconveniences of this
type a. | can often have a
significant effect on physical and mental health | b. | are such routine
hassles that they are not perceived as stressful | c. | usually create
avoidance-avoidance conflicts | d. | are only stressful to individuals with a Type A
personality | | |
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2.
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If
you cannot decide whether to submit to back surgery, which you dread, to alleviate your back pain or
to continue to live with the pain, which you sometimes find unbearable, you are caught
in a. | an
approach-avoidance conflict | b. | an approach-approach conflict | c. | a double
approach-avoidance conflict | d. | an avoidance-avoidance conflict | | |
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3.
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People with higher scores on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale have been found
to a. | react more
negatively to stressful events | b. | be more vulnerable to physical illness and psychological
problems | c. | have a more external locus of control | d. | cope more
effectively with stress | | |
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4.
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What
appears to mediate between a potentially stressful event and the emotional, physiological, and
behavioral response to that event? a. | the magnitude of the event | b. | the appraisal of
the event | c. | the frequency of occurrence of the
event | d. | the number of other people who are
present | | |
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5.
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Dustin was driving his car on an icy road when the back end started to skid out of
control. His car crossed the centerline, and he could see the headlights of rapidly approaching,
oncoming traffic. His entire body became energized. His heart rate and respiration increased, and he
began to perspire profusely. According to Selye's general adaptation syndrome, Dustin was
experiencing a. | a resistance
reaction | b. | physiological exhaustion | c. | autonomic
rebound | d. | an alarm reaction | | |
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6.
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Stress effects appear to be moderated by the a. | thalamus
activating the pituitary gland | b. | pituitary gland activating the
hypothalamus | c. | hypothalamus activating the sympathetic nervous
system | d. | cerebellum activating the autonomic nervous
system | | |
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7.
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In
dealing with stress, coping responses a. | are always adaptive | b. | are always
maladaptive | c. | may be adaptive or maladaptive | d. | are not
"coping" unless they are adaptive | | |
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8.
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Defense mechanisms are both conscious and unconscious attempts to a. | work through
problems | b. | deceive oneself | c. | enhance
self-insight | d. | constructively cope with stress | | |
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9.
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Jim
always comes to the office early, argues his position aggressively during meetings, and frequently
feels frustrated when things don't go his way. Jim's behavior is typical of a person with
a a. | death
wish | b. | Type II
self-punishment pattern | c. | Type B personality | d. | Type A
personality | | |
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10.
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Studies of the immune system in animals have found that stressors such as
crowding a. | can lead to
increased levels of immune system activity | b. | can activate the release of aggressive
pheromones | c. | can increase levels of serotonin and
dopamine | d. | can reduce various aspects of immune system
activity | | |
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11.
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Steve
has a headache and some muscle stiffness, but he shrugs these symptoms off as a minor inconvenience;
Micah has a headache and some muscle stiffness and is so concerned he rushes himself to the urgent
care center of the local medical center. If both these individuals had their anxiety and self-esteem
levels assessed it is likely that, compared to Micah, Steve would score a. | higher in
anxiety and self-esteem | b. | lower in anxiety and self-esteem | c. | lower in anxiety
and higher in self-esteem | d. | higher in anxiety and lower in
self-esteem | | |
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12.
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When
you tell yourself that you will never be happy again now that your significant other has ended the
relationship, you are engaging in what Albert Ellis calls a. | catharsis | b. | catastrophic thinking | c. | calamitous
thinking | d. | primary appraisal | | |
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13.
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Sherman's house was almost completely destroyed by fire last week. As he walked
through the charred remains with the insurance adjuster, Sherman joked and said: "It's too bad
that the only thing that wasn't destroyed is that ugly painting that my brother-in-law gave me for my
birthday." In this stressful situation, Sherman's joking attitude a. | can help to
redefine the situation in a less threatening way | b. | is an example of
overcompensation and intellectualization | c. | is a counterproductive way of dealing with
stress | d. | will likely cause him to experience stress-rebound in the
future | | |
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14.
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Herbert Benson devised a simple procedure, called the relaxation response, which can
have beneficial health effects. To experience the full benefits, the procedure should be
practiced a. | on a daily
basis | b. | whenever a person has to deal with a major
stressor | c. | for a minimum of 50 minutes a day, three days per
week | d. | only when
traditional medical treatments produce no improvement | | |
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15.
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Imagine that a researcher publishes the results from a study, and the results indicate
that there is a statistically significant association between sleep deprivation and coronary disease.
This result would mean that a. | sleep deprivation causes coronary
disease | b. | coronary disease causes sleep
deprivation | c. | the effect of sleep deprivation on coronary disease is larger
than the effect of any other factor | d. | the findings are not likely to be due to chance
fluctuations | | |
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