Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The
idea that one's consciousness continually changes, fluctuates, and wanders characterizes William
James's concept that consciousness is a. | an incomplete picture puzzle | b. | a partially
submerged iceberg | c. | a stream | d. | a flower
garden | | |
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2.
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Jacob
is attached to an electroencephalograph (EEG) and it is recording brain waves at 20 cycles per
second. Jacob is most likely a. | alert and awake | b. | deeply relaxed
and meditating | c. | lightly sleeping | d. | in very deep
sleep | | |
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3.
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Which
of the following statements about circadian rhythms in humans is MOST
accurate? a. | Humans generally
show no indication of having circadian rhythms. | b. | Circadian
rhythms are apparently a uniquely human development. | c. | Circadian
rhythms in humans tend to function on a 30-day cycle. | d. | Circadian
rhythms in humans actually appear to be regulated by several internal
clocks. | | |
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4.
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Gunther is a news anchor who just flew from San Diego to Paris, crossing 8 time zones.
Based on what is known about jet lag, Gunther will most likely a. | take about 4
days to adjust to the new time zone | b. | take 48 hours to adjust to the new time
zone | c. | not experience
any jet lag because he has flown west to east | d. | take just over a
week to adjust to the new time zone | | |
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5.
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Felicia is a participant in a study on stress reactions. Which of the following
instruments would MOST likely be used to measure her muscle tension? a. | electromyograph | b. | circadiometer | c. | electroencephalograph | d. | polygraph | | |
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6.
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Charlene is twelve, and her elderly aunt has come for a visit. The aunt is using the
spare bed in Charlene's room. Several times during the night the aunt awakens briefly, and then falls
back to sleep. Charlene doesn't awaken at all during the night. This difference in sleep patterns can
best be explained by research that shows a. | during adulthood the proportion of REM sleep gradually
declines | b. | during adulthood the proportion of slow-wave sleep increases
significantly | c. | the elderly are more affected by jet lag and shifts in their
circadian rhythm | d. | during adulthood the proportion of slow-wave sleep gradually
declines | | |
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7.
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Ethan
took part in a research study in which, for three consecutive nights, he was awakened each time he
entered slow-wave sleep. Now that Ethan is back at home it is likely that he will a. | develop insomnia
and show general disturbances in his sleep patterns | b. | spend extra time
in slow-wave sleep for several nights | c. | spend less time in slow-wave sleep than he did before he took
part in the study | d. | spend extra time in both slow-wave and REM sleep for several
nights | | |
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8.
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Stephen wanders about while remaining asleep. Stephen's condition is
called a. | narcology | b. | sleep tremors | c. | somnambulism | d. | agnosia | | |
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9.
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If
you interpreted Peter's dream of arguing with a larger-than-life faceless authority figure as an
attempt on his part to decide which approach to take in convincing his father of the merits of his
future plans, you would be subscribing to the a. | problem-solving theory of dreams | b. | activation-synthesis theory of dreams | c. | wish-fulfillment
theory of dreams | d. | neural overflow hypothesis of dreams | | |
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10.
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A
stage hypnotist is sometimes successful in getting people to disrobe in public. What is the best
explanation for this phenomenon? a. | When hypnotized, a subject comes under the total control of the
hypnotist and will follow any instructions to the letter. | b. | The subject is a
confederate of the hypnotist and disrobes while pretending to be
hypnotized. | c. | When hypnotized, subjects are able to convince themselves that
they cannot be held responsible for their actions. | d. | The hypnotist is
careful to select only those subjects who look as if they would enjoy disrobing in
public. | | |
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11.
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Madeline uses a non-prescription drug on a regular basis. Some of the short-term side
effects she experiences are bloodshot eyes and poor short-term memory. It is most likely Madeline is
using a. | marijuana | b. | LSD | c. | heroin | d. | cocaine | | |
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12.
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The
combined effect of certain drugs can be much greater than the sum of the effects of each one alone.
Such an effect is said to be a. | additive | b. | polymorphous | c. | multiplicative | d. | synergistic | | |
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13.
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The
amount a person sleeps at night tends to a. | be the same for everyone of the same
age | b. | be different
across cultures, indicating a strong learned component to how much sleep one
needs | c. | be greatly reduced if one takes a 15-minute nap at
midday | d. | vary from person to person | | |
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14.
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James
is 40 years old; his sister Jasmine is 30 years old. Recently they both came home for their parents'
anniversary party and stayed overnight. If you were to walk through the house while they were
sleeping you might expect that a. | Jasmine is more likely to be snoring because she is younger and
female | b. | both are equally likely to be snoring because snoring is
hereditary | c. | James is more likely to be snoring because he is older and
male | d. | James is more
likely to snore during slow-wave sleep, but Jasmine is more likely to snore during REM
sleep | | |
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15.
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Which
of the following is NOT good advice for avoiding sleep problems? a. | Minimize
consumption of stimulants such as caffeine and nicotine. | b. | Vary the time
when you go to bed at night. | c. | Establish a daytime exercise program. | d. | Avoid daytime
naps if you're having trouble sleeping at night. | | |
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