Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Wilhelm Wundt believed the focus of psychology should be a. | questioning the
nature of existence | b. | studying stimulus-response
associations | c. | determining people's unconscious motivation for
behavior | d. | examining people's awareness of their immediate
experience | | |
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2.
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John
B. Watson argued that psychologists should a. | use the method of introspection to establish the structural
aspects of consciousness | b. | be concerned with the purposiveness (function) of
behavior | c. | confine their work to people who are diagnosed as mentally
ill | d. | abandon the
study of consciousness | | |
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3.
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Oliver is studying motivation in chimpanzees. His roommate doesn't think that Oliver's
research will produce much useful information about human motivation because he believes that
information from animal studies will not provide meaningful information about human experiences.
Oliver's roommate apparently has a. | a humanistic perspective | b. | an evolutionary
perspective | c. | a biological perspective | d. | a cognitive
perspective | | |
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4.
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The
basic premise of evolutionary psychology is that natural selection favors behaviors that enhance
organisms' success in a. | establishing a territory | b. | locating a
source of food | c. | passing on their genes to the next
generation | d. | aggressive interactions with members of other
species | | |
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5.
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A
psychologist who works on trying to increase job satisfaction and productivity in a large company
would most likely have received training in a. | clinical psychology | b. | counseling
psychology | c. | educational and school psychology | d. | industrial and
organizational psychology | | |
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6.
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Quan
Lee recently lost her job at American Industries Inc. because she would often show up for important
meetings 20 to 30 minutes after they had started. She was confused about why this upset her boss
because her relatives are almost always late for appointments and meetings. Quan Lee's confusion
illustrates the fact that a. | our cultural backgrounds exert a considerable influence over
our behavior | b. | behavior is determined by multiple
causes | c. | motives and expectations can color our
experiences | d. | theoretical diversity is an important component in
science | | |
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7.
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Which
of the following is the BEST advice for developing sound study habits? a. | Plan your study
schedule in advance. | b. | Make yourself comfortable in your study area by having your
favorite music playing. | c. | Try to avoid interrupting your study time with
breaks. | d. | Tackle simple, routine tasks before taking on larger
tasks. | | |
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8.
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Research findings indicate that when changing answers on a multiple-choice test, most
people change a. | a right answer
to a wrong answer | b. | a wrong answer to a right answer | c. | a wrong answer
to another wrong answer | d. | a right answer to a wrong answer and back again to the right
answer | | |
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9.
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A
theory is a. | a tentative
statement about the relationship between two or more variables | b. | a system of
interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations | c. | a statement of
research results that have been proven to be correct | d. | a preliminary
proposal that has yet to be tested | | |
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10.
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A
researcher is measuring the heart rate of subjects as an index of anxiety. In this study, heart rate
is a. | a confounded
variable | b. | negatively correlated with anxiety | c. | an independent
variable | d. | an operational definition of anxiety | | |
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11.
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A
group of researchers conducts a study to determine if children's performance is affected by the
presence of other children. First, the children are taken to a room with no other children and timed
while they complete a puzzle. Later, the same children are taken to a room with four other children
and timed while they complete a similar puzzle. In this study, the length of time it takes to
complete the puzzle would be a. | the independent variable | b. | an extraneous
variable | c. | a control variable | d. | the dependent
variable | | |
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12.
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Jason
believes that patrons in his bar will be more likely to leave a tip if the tip jar already has some
money in it, than if the tip jar is completely empty. To test this belief he has the tip jar empty
about half the time when a customer approaches the bar; the rest of the time he ensures there is at
least $5.00 in the jar when a customer approaches. In Jason's experiment, the control group would
be a. | all the patrons
who leave a tip when they leave the bar | b. | the patrons who see a tip jar that contains at least
$5.00 | c. | the patrons who see an empty tip jar | d. | all the patrons
who leave the bar without tipping Jason | | |
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13.
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Of
the following, the correlation coefficient that indicates the STRONGEST relationship between
the two variables being measured is a. | +0.65 | b. | -0.89 | c. | 0.00 | d. | +3.45 | | |
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14.
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One
of your friends is writing a research paper and wants to obtain information about the depth of
personal information people typically reveal during a first date. Directly observing a large number
of people during a first date will be difficult, so your friend asks for your advice on the best way
to collect this type of data. The best suggestion would be for your friend to use a. | the case study
approach | b. | archival research | c. | a double-blind
observational study | d. | a survey | | |
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15.
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Subjects' self-reports often indicate that they are healthier, happier, and less
prejudiced than other types of evidence would suggest. The MOST likely explanation
is a. | experimenter
bias | b. | faulty
memory | c. | the social desirability bias | d. | a tendency to
agree with almost every statement | | |
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16.
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Scarlett is a graduate student who is observing children playing together after
watching a film. She knows that some children saw a film that contained graphic scenes of violence
and some children saw a non-violent film, but she doesn't know which film each child she is observing
watched. In this case, Scarlett is recording data for a. | a double-blind
research study | b. | a study with two independent
variables | c. | an unethical research study | d. | a correlational
study with confounded variables | | |
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