Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Dr.
Cummings believes that psychological disorders can be diagnosed, treated, and possibly cured, just
like physical illnesses. Dr. Cummings' views reflect the point of view suggested by a. | the medical
model of abnormal behavior | b. | the behavioral model of abnormal
behavior | c. | the deviance model of abnormal
behavior | d. | the psychodynamic model of abnormal
behavior | | |
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2.
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Wendy
works at Dyne Corporation. At the last business executive meeting she showed up in pajamas and
slippers. When her coworkers commented on the inappropriateness of her outfit, Wendy did not seem the
least bit disturbed or embarrassed by their comments. In this example, Wendy's style of dressing
would MOST likely be considered a. | maladaptive | b. | personally
distressing | c. | delusional | d. | culturally
deviant | | |
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3.
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Stuart feels like he has been worrying constantly for the past 4 months. He is worried
about making his car payments, losing his job, and how his children are doing in school. He has also
started to experience dizziness and occasional heart palpitations. In this case, Stuart's symptoms
are MOST consistent with a. | generalized anxiety disorder | b. | panic
disorder | c. | obsessive-compulsive disorder | d. | hypochondriasis | | |
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4.
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Posttraumatic stress disorder involves a. | physical,
mental, and emotional exhaustion attributable to long-term involvement in emotionally demanding
situations | b. | aggravated symptoms that emerge when burnout goes untreated for
several years | c. | disturbed behavior that emerges after a major stressful event
is over | d. | the emergence of schizophrenic symptoms in individuals exposed
to chronic stress | | |
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5.
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Abnormalities in neural circuits that use __________ have recently been implicated in
panic and obsessive-compulsive disorders. a. | dopamine | b. | acetylcholine | c. | serotonin | d. | endorphin | | |
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6.
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Jim
is unable to move his left arm despite the fact there is nothing physically wrong with him. Jim will
MOST likely be diagnosed as having a. | hypochondriasis | b. | somatization
disorder | c. | conversion disorder | d. | a
parasomnia | | |
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7.
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Alexia started a new job on Monday morning. For the first three days she showed up in
bright colors and was outgoing and extroverted. However, on Thursday she showed up in a dark suit and
appeared shy and introverted. She insisted that her name was Clara, and she couldn't understand why
her coworkers kept calling her Alexia. In this example, Alexia is showing symptoms that are
consistent with a. | bipolar
disorder | b. | dissociative identity disorder | c. | disorganized
schizophrenia | d. | antisocial personality disorder | | |
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8.
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Which
of the following symptoms is NOT associated with someone who has a bipolar
disorder? a. | sexually
reckless behavior | b. | inflated self-esteem | c. | decreased need
for sleep | d. | hallucinations | | |
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9.
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The
evidence available today suggests a. | a moderately strong link between stress and the onset of mood
disorders | b. | a very weak link between stress and the onset of mood
disorders | c. | no link between stress and the onset of mood
disorders | d. | an inverse link between stress and the onset of mood
disorders | | |
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10.
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Negative symptoms in schizophrenia include a. | behavioral
deficits such as flattened emotion, apathy, and poverty of speech | b. | behavioral
excesses such as hallucinations, delusions, and bizarre behavior | c. | antisocial
behaviors such as violence and rage reactions | d. | dissociative
behaviors and the emergence of multiple personalities | | |
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11.
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Often, cases of dissociative identity disorder (multiple personality disorder) receive
wide press coverage, leading people to believe this disorder is a relatively common psychological
problem when, in fact, it is quite rare. People's estimates of the prevalence of dissociative
identity disorder may be influenced to a large extent by a. | the
representativeness heuristic | b. | the conjunction fallacy | c. | the availability
heuristic | d. | the hindsight bias | | |
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12.
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Most
authentic cases of multiple-personality disorder have in common a background of a. | extremely
overprotective parents | b. | a traumatic childhood characterized by physical, emotional, or
sexual abuse | c. | extremely distorted communication patterns in the
family | d. | having been reinforced for "crazy"
behavior | | |
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13.
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Organized clusters of ideas about categories of social events and people are referred
to as a. | attributions | b. | illusory correlations | c. | covariation
inferences | d. | social schemas | | |
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14.
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Which
of the following statements BEST reflects an evolutionary explanation of why we tend to be
influenced by physical attractiveness in our perception of others? a. | We have a
tendency to identify with those we perceive as attractive. | b. | Physically
attractive individuals are also likely to be intelligent and hard working. | c. | Being around
attractive people tends to make us view ourselves more favorably. | d. | At one time in
our history, physical attractiveness was associated with reproductive
potential. | | |
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15.
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Skye
scored 100% on her statistics midterm. According to Weiner's attributional model, if Skye makes an
internal-stable attribution for her success, she is most likely to say a. | "It was
just good luck that most of the exam was on the material I had time to
study." | b. | "I was calm and relaxed the day of the exam because I was
able to get a good night's sleep the night before the exam." | c. | "I have
always been good at statistics; I guess I just have a natural ability in that
area." | d. | "The professor makes the whole course so easy to
understand that it is virtually impossible to do poorly in the class." | | |
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16.
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Attributing one's successes to dispositional factors and one's failures to situational
factors is referred to as a. | the fundamental attribution error | b. | a self-serving
bias | c. | the
actor-observer bias | d. | a self-enhancing strategy | | |
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17.
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According to Sternberg (1988), companionate love can be subdivided
into a. | friendship and
sexuality | b. | sexuality and commitment | c. | commitment and
intimacy | d. | intimacy and friendship | | |
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18.
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Virginia has a favorable attitude toward aerobics and working out. Just the thought of
her daily workout is enough to make Virginia feel good, and she finds that when she is at the gym she
feels much more relaxed and much less stressed. These emotional responses form part of
the a. | cognitive
component of Virginia's attitude toward working out | b. | behavioral
component of Virginia's attitude toward working out | c. | physiological
component of Virginia's attitude toward working out | d. | affective
component of Virginia's attitude toward working out | | |
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19.
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Laura
is planning to buy a new car, and she is trying to decide between a Ford and a Honda. Based on the
research into factors which influence persuasion, Laura should be most persuaded by statements made
by a. | a Ford
salesperson who recommends buying a Honda rather than a Ford | b. | a Honda
salesperson who recommends buying a Honda | c. | her mother, because family members are more persuasive than
strangers | d. | her boyfriend, because males are more persuasive than
females | | |
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20.
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Minimizing the imbalance of inconsistent attitudes is a technique used
to a. | resist
persuasion | b. | counteract self-handicapping | c. | reduce the
discomfort associated with cognitive dissonance | d. | maintain
psychological control in situations in which great pressure exists to behave
counter-attitudinally | | |
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21.
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According to the elaboration likelihood model, messages that focus on the __________
are more likely to produce lasting attitude change. a. | peripheral
route | b. | parasympathetic route | c. | central
route | d. | generic path | | |
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22.
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Which
of the following statements regarding the influence of culture on conformity and obedience is
MOST accurate? a. | Conformity and obedience appear to be unique to American
culture. | b. | Replications of Milgram's study in other countries have
generally resulted in low levels of obedience. | c. | Collectivistic
cultures tend to encourage more conformity than individualistic cultures. | d. | Studies of
conformity and obedience have yielded virtually identical results across a variety of
cultures. | | |
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23.
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Censoring dissent, pressuring to conform, omitting contradictory evidence, and
polarizing ingroup and outgroup are basic features of which of the following? a. | social
loafing | b. | group polarization | c. | social
diffusion | d. | groupthink | | |
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24.
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Groups seeking donations often ask people to simply sign a petition first. This
approach illustrates which of the following social influence techniques? a. | lowball
technique | b. | highball technique | c. | foot-in-the-door
technique | d. | reciprocity norm | | |
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Short Answer
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25.
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What
evidence is there that physical attractiveness affects our assessment of another person’s
competence?
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26.
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If
you were a car salesperson, how could you use social proof and scarcity to help convince people to
buy a car from you?
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27.
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If
you think questions are ambiguous, you can justify your answer here. Give the logic of why you picked
the answer you did. If you convince me you know the material, you can get credit for a wrong
answer.
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