Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The
school of psychology that focused on identifying and examining the fundamental components of
conscious experience, such as sensations, feelings, and images was a. | structuralism | b. | humanism | c. | behaviorism | d. | functionalism | | |
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2.
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Dr.
Lee is studying pain perception using a functionalist perspective. It is most likely that Dr. Lee
would suggest that we can only understand the conscious experience of pain a. | if we understand
the unconscious processes that initiate the sensation of pain | b. | by observing the
outward expression of pain in response to different stimuli | c. | if we first
understand the role of pain in human survival and adaptation | d. | if all the
component parts that make up the experience of pain are understood | | |
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3.
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The
type of psychologist who would be most likely to study rats in a laboratory setting would be
a a. | psychoanalyst | b. | Gestalt psychologist | c. | behaviorist | d. | structuralist | | |
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4.
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The
theoretical viewpoint that is most closely associated with Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
is a. | biological
approach | b. | humanism | c. | cognitive
approach | d. | structuralism | | |
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5.
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A
clinical psychologist would probably be most interested in a. | studying facial
expressions of emotion | b. | determining how small groups make
decisions | c. | figuring out the most effective ways of treating
anxiety | d. | studying the nature of optical
illusions | | |
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6.
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The
recent increased interest in research dealing with "cultural" variables in psychology can
be attributed to ALL BUT which of the following? a. | depersonalization of human beings by modern psychology | b. | increased
contact with non-Western cultures due to advances in communication and
travel | c. | various groups (such as civil rights groups, women's groups)
arguing that society has paid little attention to human diversity | d. | increased ethnic
diversity in the United States | | |
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7.
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Which
of the following qualifies as empirically based knowledge? a. | observed
actions | b. | logical consistency | c. | intuition | d. | insight | | |
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8.
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A
system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations is called a. | a
sociohistorical context | b. | a theory | c. | a
hypothesis | d. | an empirical set | | |
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9.
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Sunlin prepared a meal for his new girlfriend and she enjoyed it so much that she
cleaned her plate. Later she was surprised that he had found her behavior somewhat insulting; she
thought she was showing her appreciation. In this case, the couple's miscommunication illustrates the
underlying theme that a. | our experience of the world is highly
subjective | b. | heredity and environment jointly determine our
behavior | c. | behavior is determined by multiple
causes | d. | our behavior is shaped by our cultural
heritage | | |
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10.
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Which
of the following is NOT listed in the textbook as an effective study
technique? a. | Break major
assignments down into smaller component tasks. | b. | Study in a place
where distractions are minimal. | c. | Set up a schedule for studying. | d. | Concentrate your
study time immediately before an exam. | | |
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11.
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Which
of the following is NOT good advice for improving your test-taking ability? a. | If you have time
left after you've answered all the questions, go back and review the test. | b. | Don't "read
things into" test items-that is, make an item more complicated than it
is. | c. | Don't change
answers on a multiple-choice test; your first answer is usually your best. | d. | Don't waste time
thinking too much about difficult-to-answer questions. | | |
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12.
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World
War I and World War II stimulated the growth of psychology as a profession. This influence
illustrates which of the textbook's unifying themes? a. | Our experience
of the world is highly subjective. | b. | Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical
context. | c. | Psychology is empirical. | d. | Psychology is
theoretically diverse. | | |
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13.
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The
scientific approach assumes that a. | the search for absolute truth is the ultimate
goal | b. | there are no
general laws or principles that apply to human behavior | c. | each event is
completely unique | d. | events are governed by some lawful
order | | |
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14.
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Theories permit researchers to move from a. | application to
control | b. | understanding to application | c. | concept to
description | d. | description to understanding | | |
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15.
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A
researcher is measuring the heart rate of subjects as an index of anxiety. In this study, heart rate
is a. | an operational
definition of anxiety | b. | an independent variable | c. | negatively
correlated with anxiety | d. | a confounded variable | | |
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16.
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Publication of research findings is extremely important to the scientific method
because a. | it forces the
writer to be clear | b. | the royalties help the researcher pay for the
research | c. | it brings recognition to the research
worker | d. | it allows for critique and
self-correction | | |
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17.
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The
experiment is a research method in which the investigator a. | systematically
observes two variables to see whether there is an association between them | b. | observes
behavior as it occurs in its natural environment | c. | manipulates a
variable under carefully controlled conditions and observes whether there are changes in a second
variable as a result | d. | conducts an in-depth investigation of an individual
subject | | |
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18.
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A
group of researchers wants to determine if people are more likely to follow directions if the person
giving the directions is in a uniform. Half the participants are directed to a parking spot by a
uniformed security guard, the other half are directed to a parking spot by an individual wearing blue
jeans and a t-shirt. In this study, the dependent variable would be a. | the distance
between the parking spot and the entrance | b. | the gender of the person driving into the parking
lot | c. | the type of
clothing worn by the person giving the directions | d. | the number of
participants who park in the spot they are directed to | | |
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19.
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The
main advantage associated with the experimental method is a. | its precise
control | b. | participants usually enjoy taking part in the
study | c. | that it can be used to explore just about
everything | d. | its ability to duplicate real life in the
laboratory | | |
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20.
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Dr.
Macator predicts that people will act more aggressively during the heat waves of summer than they
will during the cold spells of winter. This suggests that Dr. Macator believes that temperature and
level of aggression are a. | positively correlated | b. | uncorrelated | c. | negatively correlated | d. | independent
variables | | |
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21.
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Going
to a playground for an hour each day for two weeks and recording girl-boy exchanges would be an
example of a. | an
experiment | b. | a survey | c. | a case
study | d. | a naturalistic observation | | |
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22.
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Sampling bias is a problem because it a. | makes the effect
of the independent variable appear to be bigger than it really is | b. | makes it
difficult to avoid a confounding of variables | c. | makes it
impossible to use inferential statistics | d. | limits the generality of the findings | | |
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23.
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The
fact that many times researchers unintentionally influence the outcome of their studies implies the
existence of a. | social
desirability | b. | sampling bias | c. | a placebo
effect | d. | experimenter bias | | |
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24.
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The
experimental procedure in which both the experimenter and subject are unaware of who is in the
experimental and who is in the control group is referred to as the a. | placebo control
procedure | b. | single-blind procedure | c. | double-blind
procedure | d. | stereotaxic procedure | | |
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25.
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Imagine that a group of researchers conducted a single-blind study designed to test
the effectiveness of subliminal-message weight-loss tapes. Suppose the researchers found that
everyone lost weight during the study, even those who were given tapes without any subliminal
messages. This type of result would a. | indicate that the independent and dependent variables in the
study are negatively correlated | b. | provide evidence that subliminal tapes are effective in
promoting weight loss | c. | be evidence of a placebo effect | d. | be evidence that
the study contained confounding variables | | |
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26.
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A
researcher wants to study depression, so he defines depression as the score on the Beck Depression
Inventory, a commonly used diagnostic test. He knows that other researchers can evaluate his study
because he has specified his measurement of depression clearly. What characteristic of scientific
research is associated with the researcher’s decision about measuring
depression? a. | Concepts are
objective. | b. | Findings are public. | c. | Methods are
replicable. | d. | Conclusions are data driven | | |
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27.
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If
somebody claims that Extrasensory Perception (ESP) is a real phenomenon but that because of its
nature, you cannot really test for it, the aspect of pseudoscience here involves a. | failing to
generate testable hypotheses | b. | using scientific sounding terms
inappropriately | c. | suppressing or ignoring unfavorable
data | d. | confusing
correlation with causation | | |
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