Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The
basic parts of a neuron are a. | vesicles, terminal buttons, synapses | b. | cell body, axon,
dendrites | c. | myelin, nodes, axon terminals | d. | hindbrain,
midbrain, forebrain | | |
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2.
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The
tiny electrical charge that exists when a neuron is neither receiving nor sending information is
called a. | an action
potential | b. | a synaptic gap | c. | a resting
potential | d. | a neurotransmitter | | |
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3.
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When
a neurotransmitter is released, but it does not fit into a suitable receptor channel on the
postsynaptic neuron a. | an inhibitory postsynaptic potential will be
generated | b. | an excitatory postsynaptic potential will be
generated | c. | the strength of the action potential in the presynaptic neuron
will increase | d. | the firing potential of the postsynaptic neuron will not be
affected | | |
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4.
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Nerves outside the skull and spine comprise the a. | peripheral
nervous system | b. | vascular nervous system | c. | vagus nervous
system | d. | skeletal nervous system | | |
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5.
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MRI
scans of schizophrenic patients have indicated that a. | schizophrenic
subjects have higher levels of dopamine than nonschizophrenic subjects | b. | schizophrenic
subjects have larger ventricles than nonschizophrenic subjects | c. | schizophrenic
subjects have lower levels of catecholamines than nonschizophrenic subjects | d. | the amygdala of
schizophrenic subjects is structurally defective relative to nonschizophrenic
subjects | | |
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6.
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A
drunken driving suspect was unable to hold his hand out to the side and bring his finger to a stop on
his nose because one of the brain structures depressed first by alcohol is the a. | cerebellum | b. | corpus callosum | c. | hypothalamus | d. | medulla | | |
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7.
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Pleasure centers in the brain appear to be concentrated most heavily in
the a. | endocrine
system | b. | limbic system | c. | corpus
callosum | d. | brainstem | | |
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8.
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If
you experience damage to Broca's area, you can expect to have difficulty a. | being
creative | b. | controlling your arms and legs | c. | speaking | d. | hearing | | |
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9.
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Imagine that a picture of a spoon is briefly flashed in the left visual field of an
individual with a severed corpus callosum. At the same time, a picture of a cup is briefly flashed in
the right visual field. Based on Roger Sperry's work with split-brain patients, you could predict
that this individual will say a. | "I didn't see anything." | b. | "I saw a
spoon resting in a cup." | c. | "I saw a spoon." | d. | "I saw a
cup." | | |
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10.
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The
system of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream is known as the a. | atopic
system | b. | exocrine system | c. | endocrine
system | d. | blood-brain system | | |
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11.
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Londra and Sondra are identical twins who have been raised together in the same home.
Londra has developed a psychological disorder, but Sondra does not appear to have the same disorder.
This information could be used as evidence to suggest that a. | genetic factors
have more influence than environmental factors in this disorder | b. | environmental
factors have more influence than genetic factors in this disorder | c. | both genetic and
environmental factors contribute equally to this disorder | d. | neither genetic
nor environmental factors contribute to this disorder | | |
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12.
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Your
text asserts that school reform should focus on a. | providing students with more right-brain
activities | b. | encouraging students to become ambidextrous so as to exercise
both sides of the brain equally | c. | providing students with more left-brain
activities | d. | encouraging more holistic, intuitive thinking rather than
worrying about exercising one or the other half of the brain | | |
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13.
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The
wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of a. | color | b. | brightness | c. | saturation | d. | light purity | | |
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14.
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Petra
looked directly into a very bright light and damaged her retina. The ophthalmologist has told her
that she has sustained massive damage to her cones, but for the most part her rods have not been
affected. One change that you could predict for Petra's vision is that she will now
have a. | poor vision in
low illumination | b. | poor peripheral vision | c. | no color
vision | d. | more accurate depth perception | | |
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15.
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Our
visual acuity will be best when a ganglion cell a. | transmits its neural signal directly to the visual
cortex | b. | has a small receptive field | c. | has a large
receptive field | d. | transmits its neural signal to the cerebellum, instead of the
visual cortex | | |
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16.
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At
the musical Andrew attended over the weekend, he noticed that whenever the red and green spotlights
overlapped, they seemed to change to a yellow spotlight. This can be explained using the principles
of a. | additive color
mixing | b. | subtractive color mixing | c. | hypercomplex
feature detection | d. | opponent-processing of colors | | |
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17.
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Psychologists who took the structuralist approach to the study of consciousness
believed that the best way to understand an individual's conscious experiences was to understand all
the component parts that combined to produce the experience. This view is most consistent
with a. | the top-down
processing model of perception | b. | the eclectic model of perception | c. | the bottom-up
processing model of perception | d. | the opponent-process model of
perception | | |
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18.
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The
lights around the movie marquee flashed on-and-off in succession. However, Jerome did not perceive
them as separate lights flashing, but instead saw a continuous band of light moving around the edge
of the marquee. Jerome's perception illustrates a. | the phi phenomenon | b. | bottom-up
processing | c. | feature detection | d. | preattentive
processing | | |
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19.
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Blake
was at a football game, and even though people wearing green jackets were spread fairly evenly
throughout the stands, he still perceived all the people in green jackets as a single group of
visiting fans. Blake's perception is most consistent with the Gestalt principle of a. | proximity | b. | similarity | c. | closure | d. | simplicity | | |
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20.
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Optical illusions tend to be a. | influenced by our experiences | b. | more pronounced
in children | c. | less pronounced in adults | d. | genetically
determined | | |
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21.
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Amanda had an operation on her eyes, but the doctors were unable to save the vision in
her left eye. One major change that will affect Amanda's perception is the fact that she
will a. | no longer have
any perception of depth | b. | be more likely to misinterpret perceptual
illusions | c. | no longer be able to utilize binocular depth
cues | d. | lose her ability
to perceive colors accurately | | |
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22.
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The
actual, direct receptors for hearing are the a. | ossicles | b. | cochleas | c. | hair cells | d. | basilar
cells | | |
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23.
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Mike
broke his nose in a recent boxing match. The doctors packed his nose and told him he will need to
breathe through his mouth for the next 10 to 14 days. Mike is likely to find that while his nose is
packed, a. | food will taste
better because his sense of taste will be temporarily enhanced to compensate for his missing sense of
smell | b. | he will have problems with his equilibrium and
balance | c. | food will have little taste because much of a food's flavor
depends on our sense of smell | d. | he will have trouble detecting motion because the main pathway
to his superior colliculus will be blocked | | |
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24.
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Which
of the following has NOT been shown to influence the perception of pain in
humans? a. | mood | b. | personality | c. | expectations | d. | age | | |
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Essay
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25.
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Based
on the material in Challenging your Preconceptions, identify and give an example of two
variables that affect the way your perceive stimuli in the environment.
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26.
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Based
on Challenging your Preconceptions, identify a sex difference that has been overemphasized
after research has been done. Then give two costs, as mentioned in class, associated with
overemphasizing sex differences when they are small or nonexistent.
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