| Instructor: | Dr. Bruce P. Smith |
![]() "Temptation and Fall", Michelangelo. From the Sistine Chapel Ceiling. |
|
| Office: | 166 Center for Natural Sciences, Room | ||
| Lab: | 171 Center for Natural Sciences, Room | ||
| Phone: | 274-3971 | ||
| Email: | smithb@ithaca.edu | ||
| Office Hours: | Thursdays 1-4:00 pm. or by appointment | ||
| BlackBoard Access: |
https://akron.ithaca.edu/webct/entryPageIns.dowebct | ||
| Text: |
Mealey, Linda, 2000. Sex Differences:
Developmental and Evolutionary Strategies. Academic Press, 480 pp. ISBN 0-12-487460-6 |
||
The
ability
to reproduce is a defining characteristic of life, and of great
interest to biologists as well as humanity in general. What is
sex, and why did it develop? Why do we have sexual reproduction,
whereas some animals do not? Why do some animals have sex at a
distance, never coming close enough to detect each other, while
others (including humans) have intimate contact and internal
fertilization? These are all evolutionary questions.
Learning Objectives:
Schedule
Resources
The Biology Department has identified three Student Learning
Objectives for General Education in Science:
After
taking this course, students should:
Specific topics covered in
this course include:
| Lecture Test 1 | 20% |
| Lecture Test 2 |
20% |
| Lecture Test 3 |
20% |
| Final Exam | 20% |
| Project | 15% |
| BlackBoard assessments | 5% |
Letter grades correspond to the following percentages:
| A = 93.3 – 100% | A- = 90 – 93.2% | |
| B+ = 86.6 – 89.5% | B = 83.3 – 86.5% | B- = 80 – 83.2% |
| C+ = 76.6 – 79.5% | C = 73.3 – 76.5% | C- = 70 – 73.2% |
| D+ = 66.6 – 69.5% | D = 63.3 – 66.5% | D- = 60 – 63.2% |
| F = below 60% |
2. Blackboard
Assessments:
These
assessments consist of questions posted on the course
Blackboard website, typically at the end of each module
(approx. 1 / week), and the deadline for completing the
assignment is typically one week. You are not
evaluated on your performance on these assessments, but for
your participation.
3.
Pop Quizzes:
I may resort to
using pop quizzes if a significant proportion of the class
does not complete reading assignments before class. These quizzes could
represent a sum total of up to 5% of the course grade, which
would be deducted from the alloted percentages of the lecture
tests.
4. Project / Paper:
Each person will research and complete a project on
some aspect of sexual biology.
You may use insight that you may have gained from your
major, minor, or personal interests, but keep in mind that
your paper must
represent at least 50% Biology, and directly relate to the
course material (i.e., sex, gender, sex determination, medical
sexual abnormalities, mate choice, reproductive behavior,
pheromones, mating systems, etc.). The paper may
overlap broadly with Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology,
etc., as long as there is the requisite biological content. Please be aware that
a project written for one course cannot be
submitted for grading in another course (past, present or
future; see Student Handbook).
Aim at a minimum of 6 pages (and no more than 10 pages;
assuming 2,000 words = 8 pages), and at least 5 sources of
information. This
is a ballpark estimate: with some topics you may be
overwhelmed with information and it would be appropriate to
use more sources, whereas with a very specialized topic you
may have a hard time finding many sources. If you are reviewing
a book, then a smaller number of sources may be appropriate. One approach would
be to conduct a web survey: choose a topic relevant to the
course and search for appropriate websites, and write a
summary of the information provided. Remember, this is worth
15% of your grade: you want your effort to reflect this value. This
project is an
assessment of your ability to research, summarize, and
organize information into
a cohesive synthesis.
5. Course Evaluation:
Student
input is highly valued and is important to maintain high
quality instruction. Course evaluations are mandatory and must
be completed by the last day of class. An incomplete may
appear on your transcript
if it is not submitted by that time. The evaluation will
be submitted to Nancy Pierce, Administrative Assistant in
Biology, and she will verify that you have submitted the form. Once that has been
checked, your identification will be removed and will not be
printed with the comments. Further instructions will be given
at the end of the semester.
Policy:
1. Attendance:
The Ithaca College Attendance Policy states that
students are expected to attend
classes and that they are responsible for all material even
when absent. Acceptable
reasons for absence include 1) student illness, requiring
the student to be bed-ridden; 2) death or serious illness in
immediate family; 3) appearance in court; 4) religious
holidays.
On a practical level, it is essential to attend lecture
in order to do well in the course. Not all of the
material presented in lecture is covered in the textbook, and
I will make extensive use of video footage, that is not
available outside of class. Also, coverage of some topics in
the text is detailed and technical: part of the function of
lecture is to provide background and guidance that is
necessary for required readings.
While I hope that I do not have to enforce attendance,
my policy is that you may be penalized conspicuous unexplained
absence: a letter-grade for missing more than 10% of your
classes, or you may be withdrawn from the class if you
continue to miss classes beyond the first penalty.
An exam missed during an unexcused absence (i.e.
oversleeping or not being prepared) will result in a zero grade for that exam. If you miss a exam,
you MUST inform me
before the test if at all possible, but if not physically
capable, then notify me as soon as possible
afterwards. You
can send me e-mail, phone my number (above) or the Biology
Department (607-274-3161) to leave a message. If you don’t have
the number, check on the website or phone directory assistance
for the college. Such
notification does not guarantee my accepting your reason for
absence, but failing to notify me guarantees you will not be
excused.
2.
You are expected to complete the assigned readings
BEFORE coming to class, as a background to that day's lecture. If you have any
questions regarding material in the reading, please ask during
class. Remember,
if it is evident to me that few students are completing the
readings, I may have to resort to pop quizzes to encourage
students to prepare for class.
3. Questions:
Please feel free to ask questions in class. Chances are that if
there is something that you don't understand, then others in
the class are also confused - don’t hesitate to ask your
question. I may
choose to save the question and answer for next class if I
want to research the question or use audiovisuals in the
explanation.
You may also visit during office hours, or make an
appointment for an alternative time, if you would like to ask
questions in person. Another
forum for questions is the Discussions section of Blackboard. This is especially
appropriate for questions that others in the class may also
ask, e.g., regarding class content. Other students in
the class can also reply to questions posted in Discussions,
or add to your question. I will check the Discussions section
at least twice per week.
If you have personal questions (e.g., details regarding
your grade) then email or personal contact would be most
appropriate.
4. Personal Conduct:
"A student's behavior must not interfere with the
activities of the College or with other student's pursuit of
educational objectives" (see General Information,
Undergraduate Announcements).
Talking during lecture (except for questions or
participating in class discussions) is disruptive and is
disrespectful to other students and the instructor. Cell phones, pagers,
etc. are to be kept turned off during classes. Disruptions may
result in the student being asked to leave the class and the
student will be considered absent without excuse. If asked to leave
class on more than one occasion, the student will be withdrawn
from the course. When
discussing sex, please do not use slang or phrases that others
might find offensive. If someone continued to use
inappropriate language after having been warned, it could
result in that individual being withdrawn from the course. Similar procedures
will be followed if the appropriateness of language or
comments in written form is questionable. If flagrant offenses
occurred, the student could be judicially referred for
disciplinary action.
5. Academic Honesty:
All
the work in this class must be your own, unless stated
otherwise. Please
note college policy that material submitted for grades in one
course cannot be submitted for credit in another course - your
presentation cannot be based on an article used in another
class. Confirmed
instances of academic misconduct will result in a zero for
that test or assignment and referral to the school judiciary
system. Please
refer to the Student Handbook for a detailed description of
the policies regarding student academic conduct.
6. Accommodations:
In
compliance with Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
and the Americans with Disabilities Act, reasonable
accommodations will be provided to students with documented
disabilities on a case by case basis. Students must register with
the Services Office of Academic Support Services for Students
with Disabilities, 322A Smiddy Hall (274-1005, TDD - 274-7319)
and provide appropriate documention to the college before any
academic adjustment will be provided.
Diminished
mental health, including significant stress, mood changes,
excessive worry, or problems with eating and/or sleeping can
interfere with optimal academic performance. The source of
symptoms might be strictly related to your course work; if so,
please speak with me. However, problems with relationships,
family worries, loss, or a personal struggle or crisis can
also contribute to decreased academic performance. Ithaca College provides a
Counseling Center to support the academic success of students.
The Counseling Center provides cost-free services to help you
manage personal challenges that threaten your well-being.
7. Plagiarism:
Please be aware of plagiarism: if you take a sentence
from someone else's work and only change one or a couple of
words, it is still plagiarism even if you
cite the source. You
must rewrite the information or ideas in your own words. Plagiarism is a
serious offense of academic misconduct: check the student
handbook and library website http://www.ithacalibrary.com/sp/subjects/BPR#Plagiarism
for
details, but it can lead to judicial proceedings and even
expulsion from the college.
Please note that the required assignment in this course
may be checked for plagiarism using Turnitin. Each idea has to
be referenced (and in the sentence where the idea appears),
you cannot simply cite the reference once at the end of a
paragraph containing many ideas from the same source. In such cases, you
can avoid referencing each idea yet still indicate your source
through careful writing,
e.g.:
"Roberts
and Janovy (1985) were the first to study this phenomenon. They found that ...,
further, when the ... . Roberts
and Janovy go on to state that ... and their conclusion was...
."
Or,
"Roberts
and Janovy (1985) were the first to study this phenomenon. In the following
paragraph, I will review their work. ....."
Additional
information regarding how to properly cite sources in
scientific writing will be provided when the course project is
assigned.
[Disclaimer: this is not a fixed
schedule, it is a forecast of the pace at which we will cover
the material.]
|
Date |
Subject |
Text Readings
|
|
Jan. 24/26 |
Introduction;
Perspectives, Nature vs. Nurture; comparative
approach; What is sex?
Asexual vs.sexual reproduction; Modes of
fertilization |
xiv-xix;
3-10 |
|
Jan. 31/ Feb. 2 |
DNA structure, replication, repair and
recombination; Mitosis & Meiosis; How does evolution
work |
182-183; 40-44; 44-50 |
|
Feb. 7/9 |
Why sex? Muller’s Ratchet, & Red Queen
Hypothesis; inbreeding, genetic recombination;
Life-history decisions |
183-187; 3-10; 46-47; 54-55 |
|
Feb. 14/16 |
Sex determination; Sex ratio; Test 1 (Feb. 16th) |
50-53 |
|
Feb. 21/23 |
Sexual differentiation; Sex differences, & gender; What is
normal? Medical abnormalities; Life history
strategy, sexual selection |
11-25; 57-60; 24-35; 69-79 |
|
Feb. 28/ March 1 |
Sex role reversals; Male tactics
(non-human): attracting mates, manipulating other males,
sperm
competition |
77; 87-94; 94-101 |
|
March 6/8 |
Male tactics (non-human): thwarting female
choice; Female tactics (non-human): attracting,
evaluating; Deadline:
topic for paper (March
6th) |
102-106; 109-115; 117-136 |
|
March 10-18 |
NO CLASS: SPRING BREAK |
|
|
March 20/22 |
polygyny (harem defense, resource defense,
scramble, female choice); Test 2 (March 22nd) |
144-156 |
|
March 27/29 |
monogamy, polyandry, polygynandry; the
human animal; human evolution; selection, polygenic
traits |
156-172; 176-182; 203-216 |
|
April 3/5 |
human tactics: attracting potential mates,
use of pheromones; assessing potential mates |
216-236; 266-277 |
|
April 10/12 |
human tactics: thwarting unwanted mates,
manipulating others; human mating systems: primate
heritage, marriage; Paper due (April
12th) |
236-249; 262-264; 305-309 |
|
April 17/19 |
mating systems: polyandry, polygynandry,
monogamy, economics and marriage; Test 3 (April 17th) |
317; 323-325 |
|
April 24/26 |
parental care, parental favoritism,
siblicide; infanticide, kin selection, inclusive fitness |
106-109; 138-142; 53-57; 248-260 |
|
May 1/3 |
Sex and society; new technologies develop,
but where are we going?
Summary; course
evaluations due |
|