Course Description: 

 

            This course is designed for students in the Occupational and Physical Therapy programs.  We will begin by defining terminology and outlining the basic organization of the body.  We will concentrate our discussion on the skeletal, muscular, nervous and cardiovascular systems.  In the second half of the term we will focus on regional anatomy.         In the laboratory we will study the bones and major muscles of the body.  We will adopt a hands-on approach using skeletons and muscle patterns to learn actions, attachments and nerve supplies.  Surface anatomy will be highlighted.  The laboratory component includes extensive use of a cadaver dissection computer program.  The cat will be used in the second half of the term as a model for teaching good dissection techniques.

 

Learning Objectives:

 

1. Name the main bones and landmarks on the axial and appendicular skeletons
2. Identify and state the attachments, nerve supply and actions of key muscles
3. Learn the components of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems including pathways for sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation
4. Follow the blood supply through the heart and major vessels of the body
5. Gain an appreciation for the complexity of the human body and be prepared for future clinical courses

 

Evaluation of Learning:

           

LECTURE:     Tests    (3 X 10%)       30%                 LABORATORY:       Lab quizzes       25%

                        On-line Assessments     5%                                                     Lab final            10%

                        Final Exam                  30%                                                    

                       

                                                                                                                        TOTAL           100%

Course Policies:

Attendance:  The undergraduate handbook states the general policy that students are expected to attend classes and that they are responsible for all material even when absent.  Both lecture and laboratory are integral and essential parts of the course.  If for a valid reason, you cannot attend your scheduled lab section, you must contact your lab instructor and make it up in another section during that week.  Un-excused absences from the laboratory, early exit from labs or conspicuous absences from lecture and you will be dropped from the course.

 

Standards of Academic Conduct: These are outlined clearly in the student handbook:  “Academic honesty is a cornerstone of the mission of the College”.  Please familiarize yourself with the definition of plagiarism.  Academic dishonesty can lead to a zero grade on that assignment, a failing grade in the course, academic code probation, suspension or expulsion from the College depending on the gravity of the violation and the decision of the judicial board.

 

Students with Disabilities: In compliance with Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Americans with Disabilities Act, reasonable accommodation will be provided to students with documented disabilities on a case-by-case basis.  Students must register with the Office of Academic Support Services (607-274-1005, TDD 607-274-7319, acssd@ithaca.edu) and schedule an appointment with their instructors as soon as possible to discuss their needs.

 

Mental Health: Diminished mental health (stress, depression) can interfere with academic performance.  Through the office of Counseling and Psychological Services (CAPS), cost-free support can be obtained when personal issues threaten your well-being. In the event I suspect you might benefit from support, I will express my concerns and remind you of resources (e.g., CAPS, Health Center, Chaplains) that might be of help to you. 

 

Dissection Policy: If a student has a compelling reason for not performing the cat dissections (ethical, religious, medical) they may request an exemption and alternate assignment. Exact reasons for the request must be submitted in writing within the first 2 weeks of classes. 

 

Lecture and Laboratory Tests and Assessments: Tests are given during the lecture period scheduled and will be based on previous lectures, readings and muscles.  The final exam will be held in the Hill Center Gym and is cumulative with an emphasis on regional anatomy. Lab tests will be given during the first 15 minutes of the lab periods. The final lab test is a comprehensive practical exam which includes the cat dissection and human anatomy.  On-line “Sakai” assessments will relate to each lecture and are due one week after being posted.

 

Missed tests: A test (lecture or lab) missed during an un-excused absence will result in a zero grade for that test.  For an unexpected absence (illness, family crisis, accident), you must inform me before the test if at all possible. You can call my voice mail (607-274-3610) and leave a message, email a message (muma@ithaca.edu) or contact the Biology office (607-274-3161).  Such notification does not guarantee my accepting your reason for absence, but failing to notify me guarantees you will not be excused.  Oversleeping does not constitute a valid excuse.

 

Course Evaluations: Student input is highly valued by the Biology department and is important to maintaining high quality instruction.  We recommend you evaluate your instructors on-line prior to completion of the course.  An email will announce when the evaluations are available.

TENTATIVE LECTURE SCHEDULE INCLUDING LEARNING OBJECTIVES

•  Check Sakai for updates.

Chapters and page numbers refer to McKinley and O’Loughlin 3^rd ed.  Use the “search” feature in A&P Revealed to find specific structures on the CD-ROM.

             

Week 1 - Tues. Jan. 22

1. Course description, Learning objectives, Course policies, Schedule

Introduction to Anatomic Terminology - Chapter 1, pp. 11-14, 18-19

Significance of anatomic position

Description of anatomic planes and directional terms

Human body regions

Clinical View – Medical imaging

First “Sakai Assessment” on-line based on review questions on p. 21

 

            Thurs. Jan. 24

2. Introduction to the study of Muscles - Chapter 10 p. 292, 311, Table 10.8, Chapter 9 p. 260, Table 9.2, pp. 261-264

Attachments – Description of insertion and origin

Actions – Movements of synovial joints

Nerve supply – naming of cranial and spinal nerves

Naming of Skeletal Muscles

Clinical View - Tendonitis

Muscle of the Day – Sternocleidomastoid m. – attachments, actions, nerve supply

     

Week 2 - Tues. Jan. 29

3. Bone and Cartilage Connective Tissues - Chapter 6 pp. 147-162, 165-166

Distribution of cartilage

Classification and anatomy of bones

Anatomy of a long bone  

Comparison of Compact and Spongy bone

Ossification – Intramembranous and Endochondral

Clinical View – Osteitis Deformans, Fractures

Muscle of the Day – Stylohyoid m.

 

            Thurs. Jan. 31          

4. Articulations - Chapter 9 pp. 253-260, selected jts. Tables 9.3, 9.4, 9.5

Relationship between joint mobility and stability

Structural and Functional classification of joints

Fibrous joints

Cartilaginous joints

Synovial joints

Clinical View – “Cracking Knuckles”

Muscle of the Day – Sternohyoid m.

 

 

 

Week 3 - Tues. Feb. 5

5. Muscles of Facial Expression – Chapter 11 pp. 323-330

Superficial muscles of facial expression

 

Frontalis and occipitalis mm.

Orbicularis oculi and orbicularis oris mm.

Buccinator, zygomaticus major and minor mm.

Mentalis and levator labii superioris mm.

Platysma m.

 

Clinical View - Idiopathic Facial Nerve Paralysis

Surface anatomy of some muscles of facial expression (p. 330, Fig. 11.3)

Muscle of the Day – Posterior scalene m.

 

 Thurs. Feb. 7

6. Muscles of Mastication and Extra-ocular muscles – Chapter 11 pp. 331-333

Muscles of mastication – masseter, temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoid mm.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) – pp. 265-266, Figure 9.12

Clinical View – TMJ dysfunction - p. 267

Extrinsic muscles of the eye

Clinical View - Strabismus

Muscle of the Day – Serratus anterior m.

 

 

Week 4 - Tues. Feb 12:  Review for Test #1

 

 

            Thurs. Feb. 14: TEST # 1 – Lectures 1 - 6 + muscles to serratus anterior.

 

Know location, actions, origin, insertion and nerve supply for:

sternocleidomastoid m., stylohyoid m., sternohyoid m., temporalis m., masseter m.,

scalene mm. (ant., post, middle), serratus anterior m.

 

 

Week 5 - Tues. Feb. 19

7. Heart and Coronary Circulation - Chapter 22 pp. 657-668, 672-677

Overview of cardiovascular system

Anatomy of the heart

Coronary circulation

Clinical View – Angina pectoris

Autonomic innervation of the heart

Blood flow through the heart

Muscles of the Day – Latissimus dorsi and Rhomboid major mm.

 

 

            Thurs. Feb. 21                      

8. Vessels and Circulation - Chapter 23 pp. 684-691

Anatomy of blood vessels

Structure of arteries, capillaries and veins

Clinical View – Varicose veins and deep vein thrombosis

Systemic circulation – major blood vessels (Fig. 23.9)

Lymphatic trunks and ducts - Chapter 24 pp. 725-729

Clinical View - Lymphedema

Muscle of the Day – Deltoid m.

 

Week 6 - Tues. Feb. 26

9. Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves - Chapter 16 pp. 487-496, 510-513

Gross anatomy of the spinal cord and meninges

Clinical View – Lumbar puncture

Sectional anatomy of the spinal cord

Spinal nerves and Dermatomes

Clinical View – Shingles

Reflexes and reflex testing

Muscle of the Day – Teres major m.

 

            Thurs. Feb. 28

10. Cervical and Brachial Plexuses - Chapter 16 pp. 496-503

Cervical plexuses

Brachial plexuses

Branches of the brachial plexus

Clinical View – Brachial plexus injuries

Muscle of the Day – Coracobrachialis m.

                                                           

Week 7 – Tues. March 5:  Review for Test #2

 

Thurs. March 7:  TEST # 2 on Lectures 7-10 + muscles:

Rhomboid major m., Pectoralis major m., Pectoralis minor m., Latissimus dorsi  m., Deltoid m., Trapezius m., Levator scapula m., Teres major m., Coracobrachialis m., Supraspinatus m., Infraspinatus m., Teres minor m., Subscapularis m.

 

March 11 – 15  SPRING BREAK

 

Week 8 – Tues. March 19

11. Joints of the Back and Upper Extremity - Chapter 9 pp. 266-274

Intervertebral articulations

Sternoclavicular and Acromioclavicular joints

Clinical View – Shoulder separation

Glenohumeral joint and

Clinical View - Dislocation of the glenohumeral joint

Elbow joint

Clinical view – Arthritis p. 283

Muscle of the Day – Brachioradialis m.

 

            Thurs. March 21

12. Joints of the Pelvis and Lower Extremity - Chapter 9 pp. 274-282

Hip (coxal) joint

Clinical View – Fracture of the femoral neck

Knee joint

Clinical View – Knee ligament injuries

Clinical View – Ankle injuries

Muscle of the Day – Supinator m.

 

 

Week  9 - Tues. March 26

13. Cranial nerves - Chapter 15  pp. 473-481

Primary functions of the twelve cranial nerves

CN I –XII – description, function(s), origin, conditions caused by nerve damage

Muscles of the Day – Pronator teres mm.

 

            Thurs. March 28

14. Autonomic Nervous System - Chapter 18  pp. 540-547

Comparison of Somatic and Autonomic Nervous systems

Overview of ANS

Parasympathetic division – cranial nerves

Parasympathetic division – sacral spinal nerves

Effects and general functions of parasympathetic nervous system

Muscle of the Day – Flexor digitorum superficialis m.

 

 

Week 10 – Tues. April 2      

15. ANS – Sympathetic Division - Chapter 18 pp. 547-553

Organization and anatomy of the sympathetic nervous system

Sympathetic pathways

Effects and general functions of sympathetic nervous system

Clinical View – Horner syndrome

Autonomic plexuses and reflexes

Dual innervation

Muscle of the Day – Extensor digitorum m.

 

 

Thurs. April 4 - Review for Test #3

                       

 

Week 11 – Tues. April 9:  TEST #3 - Lectures 11-15 + muscles

 

Brachioradialis m., Biceps brachii m., Brachialis m., Triceps brachii m., Pronator teres m., Supinator m., Flexor carpi radialis m., Flexor carpi ulnaris m., Flexor digitorum superficialis m., Extensor digitorum m., Extensor carpi radialis longus m., Extensor carpi ulnaris m., Biceps femoris m., Semitendinosus m. Semimembranosus m.

 

 

Thurs. April 11

16. Regional Anatomy – Upper Extremity * this lecture is NOT on Test #3

Surface anatomy of shoulder and upper limb (pp. 405-407)

Arteries and Veins of the upper limb (pp. 705-709)

Nerves of the upper limb (p. 499)

Clinical View – Carpal tunnel syndrome (p. 370)

Intrinsic muscles of the hand (pp. 374-375, Fig. 12.14)

Clinical View – Anatomic snuffbox (p. 371)

Muscles of the Day – Psoas major and Iliacus mm. (Iliopsoas m.)

 

 

Week 12 - Tues. April 16

17. Regional Anatomy – Head and Neck

Surface anatomy of the head and neck + triangles (pp. 398-400, Fig. 13.2)

Clinical View – Tracheotomy

Suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles (pp. 335-337)

Arteries and veins of the brain – cerebral arterial circle (p. 693, Fig. 23.11)

Major nerves of the head and neck

Muscle of the Day – Gluteus medius and Gluteus maximus mm.

 

            Thurs. April 18

18. Regional Anatomy - Thorax

Surface anatomy of the thorax (pp. 401-402)

Clinical View – Surface anatomy and CPR

Circulation: Aorta and branches and Azygos system (pp. 697–699, Figs. 23.12, 23.13, 23.14)

Intercostal nerves (p. 496) and Muscles of respiration (pp. 343-345, Table 11.9)

Clinical View – Paralysis of the diaphragm (p. 343)

Muscle of the Day – Adductor longus m.

 

Week 13 - Tues. April 23

19. Regional Anatomy: Back

Surface anatomy of the back (pp. 403-404)

Muscles of the vertebral column (pp. 340-343, Table 11.8)

Erector Spinae group

Transversospinalis group

Muscle of the day – Adductor magnus m.

 

Thurs. April 25

20. Regional Anatomy: Abdomen and Pelvis

q  Surface anatomy of the abdomen and pelvis (p. 403)

q  Muscles of the abdominal wall (pp. 345-347, Table 11.10)

q  Clinical View – Testing for inguinal hernias (p. 403)

q  Muscles of the pelvic floor (pp. 348-351)

q  Clinical View - Episiotomy (p. 350)

q  Muscle of the Day – External oblique m.

 

 

Week 14 - Tues. April 30

21. Regional Anatomy – Lower Extremity

Surface anatomy of the lower limb (pp. 408-411)

Clinical View – Gluteal intramuscular injections (p. 408)

Clinical View – Compartment syndrome (p. 391)

Arteries and Veins of the lower limb (pp. 709-712)

Nerves of the lower limb (pp.503-509)

Intrinsic muscles of the foot (pp. 391-393)

Muscle of the Day – Extensor digitorum longus m.

 

            Thurs. May 2 – Review for Final Exam

 

 

Wednesday May 8^th  from 10:30 am -1:00 pm - FINAL EXAM (in the Hill Center gym)

 

Cumulative test with emphasis on lectures 16-21 + muscles:

 

Gluteus medius m., Gluteus maximus m., Psoas major m., Tensor fasciae latae m., Sartorius m., Gracilis m., Iliacus m., Adductor longus m., Rectus femoris m., Vastus lateralis m., Vastus medialis m., Vastus intermedius m., Adductor magnus m., External oblique m., Tibialis anterior m., Gastrocnemius m., Soleus m., Extensor digitorum longus m.

 

Acceptable Abbreviations for Lecture and Lab Tests:

 

Artery = a.                   Arteries = aa.              

Vein = v.                     Veins = vv.

Nerve = n.                   Nerves =nn.                

Muscle = m.                Muscles = mm.

Ligament = lig.            Ligaments = ligs.        

Joint = jt.                     Joints = jts.

Anterior = ant.                        Posterior = post.         

Medial = med.             Lateral = lat.

Inferior = inf.              Superior = sup.           

Superficial = superf.    Proximal = prox.        

Major = maj.                Minor = min.  

 

*Flexion = flex.           Extension = ext.

*Abduction = abd.      Adduction = add.

 

*Actions must be stated in relation to a joint – for example: flex. of elbow jt.        

 

 

LABORATORY SCHEDULE