Wed., Sept. 29th 9:00-9:50 am
Bring a pencil (there will be a computer sheet to fill in for the multiple choice component). Know your lab section number and your lab instructor's name (you will hand in the test based on lab group) All students write the test in Textor 102 except for 2 lab groups (Nancy and John's Tuesday afternoon labs - sections 04+05) who will write the test in their lab room - if in doubt, ask your lab instructor)
Format of test: 60 points total
20 points short answer (definitions, diagrams, review and critical thinking questions) + 40 points multiple choice
Topics covered: Chapters 1-5 based on what I covered in lecture and the assigned questions from the text
CHAPTER 1 (Review Questions from page 17 of textbook):
1. Why is it difficult to formulate a simple definition of life?
2. Name the molecule of inheritance in cells.
3. Write out simple definitions of: a) cell, b) metabolism, c) energy, d) ATP
4. How do organisms sense changes in their surroundings?
5. Study Figure 1.5, then on your own, arrange and define the levels of biological organization.
6. Study Figure 1.6, then on your own, make a sketch of the one-way flow of energy and the cycling of materials through the biosphere. Write out a definition of producer, consumer and decomposer.
7. List the shared characteristics of life.
8. What are the two parts of a scientific name?
9. List the 6 kingdoms of species and list some of their general characteristics.
10. Define mutation and adaptive trait. Explain the connection between mutation and diversity of life.
11. Define evolution, artificial selection, and natural selection.
12. Define and distinguish between: a) hypothesis and prediction, b)observational and experimental test, c) inductive and deductive logic, d) speculation and scientific theory
13. With respect to experimental tests, define variable, control group, and experimental group
14. What does sampling error mean?
CHAPTER 2 - p. 33
1. What is an element? Name four elements that make up more than 95% of the body weight of living organisms.
2. Define atom, isotope, and radioisotope.
3. How many electrons can occupy each orbital around an atomic nucleus? Using the shell model, explain how orbitals available to the electrons are distributed in an atom for each of the elements named in question 1.
4. Define molecule, compound and mixture.
5. Distinguish between: a) ionic and hydrogen bonds, b) polar and non-polar covalent bonds, c) hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions
6. If a water molecule has no net charge, then why does it attract polar molecules and repel non-polar ones?
7. Label the atoms in a water molecule and indicate which carry a slight positive and a slight negative charge.
8. Define acid and base. Describe the behavior of a weak acid in solutions having high or low pH values (hint: use the bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system as an example)
CHAPTER 3 - p. 53
1. Define organic compound. Name a type of chemical bond that predominates in the backbone of such a compound.
2. Define hydrocarbon and functional group (Hint: be able to identify the common ones)
3. Name the molecules of life. Do they break apart most easily at their hydrocarbon part or at their functional groups?
4. Define condensation reaction and hydrolysis.
5. Select a carbohydrate, lipid, protein and nucleic acid. How do its functional groups and bonds between carbon atoms contribute to its final shape and function? (Hint: What are key distinguishing characteristics of each group? You should be able to identify examples of each)
6. Which item listed includes all of the other items listed? a) triglyceride, b) fatty acid c) wax, d) sterol, e) lipid f) phospholipid
7. Explain how hemoglobin's 3-dimensional shape arises, starting with the primary structure of its four chains.
CHAPTER 4 - pp.78- 79
1. State the three key points of the cell theory.
3. Label the organelles on the diagrams of plant and animal cells. What are the main differences between plant and animal cells? In what ways are they similar?
4. Describe the features that all cells have in common. What are the key differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
5. Characterize the structure and function of the nucleus, nuclear envelope and nucleolus.
6. Distinguish between chromosome and chromatin. Do chromosomes always maintain the same appearance during the life of a cell?
7. Name three kinds of organelles that are components of the cell's endomembrane system and describe the function of each.
8. True or false? Plant cells have chloroplasts, but not mitochondria. Explain.
9. What are the functions of the central vacuole?
10. Define cytoskeleton. How does it aid in cell functions?
11. What gives rise to the 9+2 array of cilia and flagella?
CHAPTER 5 - p. 95
1. Describe the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes. What imparts fluidity to the membranes? What makes it a mosaic?
2. State the functions of transport proteins, receptor proteins, recognition proteins, and adhesion proteins.
3. Define diffusion. Does diffusion occur in response to a solute concentration gradient, an electric gradient, a pressure gradient or some combination of these?
4. If all transport proteins work by changing shape, then how do passive transporters differ from active transporters?
5. Define osmosis.
6. Define hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solutions. Does the term refer to a property inherent in a given solution? Or are the terms used only when complaring solutions?
7. Is the white blood cell in Figure 5.21 disposing of a worn-out red blood cell by endocytosis, phagocytosis or both?
**NOTE - HERE ARE SAMPLE QUESTIONS FROM LAST YEAR JUST TO GIVE YOU
AN IDEA OF MY TESTING STYLE. YOU WILL BE TESTED BASED ON THE LECTURES GIVEN
THIS YEAR. I CHANGE LECTURES FROM YEAR TO YEAR. IF I DIDN'T LECTURE ON IT -
YOU WON'T BE TESTED ON IT...
Fundamentals of Biology - Lecture Test #1 2003 Name_______________________
Lab section ______
PART A. This section is worth 20 points (there would be more questions on the actual test - adding up to a total of 20 points). Short Answer, Fill-in-the-Blank, Diagrams. You do not need to answer in full sentences.
1. According to Starr and Taggart (10th edition), life can be classified into 3 Domains and 6 Kingdoms. What are these? (Diagram with blanks to fill in was similar to one on p. 9 in text) (2 points)
2. Certain species of bacteria thrive in environments where temperatures approach boiling - for example the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park. Assume the bacterial cell membrane consists mainly of phospholipids. What features might the fatty acid tails of the phospholipids have to help stabilize them? (1 point)
3. Circle and name the functional groups in the following molecule: (see Appendix VI of your textbook - threonine)
4. In the circle provided, sketch the arrangement of microtubules in a cross section of a typical eukaryotic flagellum (for example a human sperm cell). What motor protein is also associated with the microtubules?
5. Identify the following molecules as carbohydrates, fatty acids, amino acids or lipids (see page 53 #3 - 2 points)
PART B. Multiple choice. This section is worth 40 points (on the full test there are 40 questions...). Please choose the BEST answer to the following questions and mark your response IN PENCIL on the computer sheet provided.
1. Homeostasis is the: A. capacity of cells to extract energy from sources in their environment, transform and use that energy, B. state in which the internal environment is being maintained within tolerable limits, C. capacity to evolve based on variation in traits, D. change in the molecular structure of DNA, E. all of the above
2. In biology, evolution is defined as: A. changes in an individual over the course of a lifetime, B. genetic change in a line of descent over time, C. selection of non-adaptive traits by the environment, D. all of the above
3. An isotope differs from a regular atom of the same element in the: A. number of electrons, B. number of protons, C. number of neutrons, D. way it interacts chemically with other atoms
4. When you hypoventilate (hold your breath), carbon dioxide builds up in your blood and your blood: A. becomes acidic, B. becomes basic, C. becomes neutral, D. pH should stay around 7.3-7.5 because breathing will not affect your blood pH
6. Which of the following is NOT a lipid? A. triglyceride, B. fatty acid, C. sterol, D. wax, E. chitin
7. The secondary structure of a protein is the: A. amino acid sequence, B. helical coil or pleated sheet, C. interaction of "R" groups causing folding, D. 2 or more polypeptide chains together, E. all of the above
8. Which of the following is/are TRUE concerning the nuclear envelope? It A. is a double membrane (2 lipid bilayers), B. does NOT contain pores or channel proteins, C. surrounds the nucleoplasm, D. selectively controls passage of material into and out of the nucleus, E.only A, C and D are TRUE
9. The cytoskeletal component(s) composed of proteins/polypeptides is(are): A. microtubules, B. microfilaments, C. intermediate filaments, D. all of the above E. A and B ONLY
10. Which of the following CANNOT simply diffuse across the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane? A. oxygen, B. glucose, C. carbon dioxide, D. small non-polar molecules, E. all of the above could simply diffuse through the lipid bilayer
40. You have version "C" of the test. For a free point , please bubble-in
the "C" on the sheet: C.*C*
If you can handle these types of questions you will do fine on the test. Don't forget to bring a pencil and remember your lab section number so that you can put that on the test!
Special review session given by Rebekah and Anthony: Tuesday, Sept. 28th CNS 112, 7-9 pm.
Please feel free to email me with any questions or drop by my office - CNS 158. Good luck! Kit