Fundamentals of Biology - Review for Lecture Test #3
Test: Wednesday, November 17th at 9:00 am
Topics: DNA transcription + translation, Animal tissues, organs, systems, Integration + control, Sensory reception, Protection, support + movement
40 points multiple choice (bring a pencil)+20 points short answer
Tuesday afternoon lab groups write the test in the lab rooms CNS 102+105
Chapter 14 - From DNA to Proteins (Transcription and Translation)
1. Are the polypeptide chains of proteins assembled on DNA? If so, state how. If not, state how they are assembled and on which molecules.
2. Name the three classes of RNA and state the function of each class in protein synthesis.
3. The pre-mRNA transcripts of eukaryotic cells contain both introns and exons. Are the introns or exons snipped out before the transcript leaves the nucleus?
4. Distinguish between a codon and an anticodon.
5. Name the three stages of translation. Briefly describe the key events of each stage.
6. Define gene mutation. Give three examples of agents that cause mutations.
7. Do all mutations arise spontaneously? Are environmental agents always the trigger for mutation?
8. Define and state the possible outcomes of each of the following types of mutation: base-pair substitution and base insertion.
Self quiz 1-2, Critical Thinking 1
Chapter 33 - Animal Tissues and Organ Systems
1. What makes up the internal environment of animals? What does homeostasis mean with respect to the environment?
2. Name four basic tasks that the animal body performs.
3. Define animal tissue, organ and organ system.
4. Describe the characteristics of epithelial tissue in general. Describe the various types of epithelial tissues in term of specifc characteristics and functions.
5. List the major types of connective tissues. Name and give the characteristics of specific types.
6. Identify the following tissues based on the diagrams on p. 576.
7. Identify this category of tissue (figure on p. 576) and state its characteristics.
8. What type of cell serves as the basic unit of communication in nervous systems?
9. Name the three kinds of primary tissues that form in early vertebrate embryos.
Self quiz 1-13, Critical Thinking 2
Chapter 34 - Integration and Control: Nervous Systems
1. Describe sensory neuron, interneuron, and motor neuron in terms of structures and functions. Label the diagram of the motor neuron's functional zones (fig. on page 604).
2. Define resting membrane potential, graded potential, and action potential.
3. A neuron at rest is controlling the ion distribution across its plasma membrane. Identify two kinds of ions. Do they leak across the membrane, are they pumped across or both?
4. With respect to action potentials, explain threshold level, all-or-nothing spikes, and self propagation.
5. Define chemical synapse and neurotransmitter. State where acetylcholine and GABA act and what their effects are?
6. Define synaptic integration and draw a graph illustrating it (hint: fig. 34.9)
7. What is a myelin sheath? Do all neurons have one?
8. Define reflex, then give an example of a reflex arc.
10. Distinguish between: A. brain and brain stem, B. central and peripheral nervous system, C. cranial and spinal nerves, D. somatic and autonomic nerves, E. parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves
11. Define cerebrospinal fluid and blood brain barrier. What can and cannot cross the barrier?
Self quiz 1-7, Critical Thinking 4
Chapter 35 - Sensory Reception (mainly the introduction and the section on vision)
1. Define stimulus.
2. Name six categories of sensory receptors and the type of stimulus energy that each kind detects.
3. What are the basic components of a sensory system? How does the brain assess the nature of a given stimulus?
10. Label the component parts of the human eye (fig. on p. 624)
Self quiz 1-7, 12-14
Chapter 37 - Protection, Support and Movement
1. List the functions of skin.
3c. Distinguish between a ligament and a tendon
4. What are the functions of bones? What is a joint?
5. Which hormones help control calcium ion concentration in blood?
7. Sketch and label the fine structure of muscle down to the individual myofibrils. Identify the proteins involved and the basic unit of contraction. (hint: figures 37.19 + 20)
8. What role does calcium play in contraction? What role does ATP play, and by what routes does it form?
Self quiz 1-7, Critical Thinking 3
Here are some questions from the test last year: SHORT ANSWER:
1. For the following amino acid sequence, give the corresponding mRNA and DNA sequences. Hint: Use the table of codons (Fig. 14.7). (4 points)
DNA:
mRNA:
Amino acids: tryptophan - methionine - tyrosine - STOP
2 Match the tissue types with the description that BEST describes it:
A. single layer of square cells found in ducts
B. fibers, fibroblasts loosly arranged in ground substance
C. contractile cells, tapered at both ends (spindle shaped), no striations
D. cylindrical, long, striated contractile cells
E. large, thightly packed fat cells occupying most of the ground substance
____ adipose ____ smooth muscle ____ loose connective tissue
3. Name a structure found in the forebrain and list a function.
4. What causes tetanus, what are the specific effects of the disease and what are the symptoms?
5. What is a motor unit? Compare the size of a motor unit for the extrinsic eye muscles with a motor unit in a leg muscle.
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
1. DNA contains many different genes that are transcribed into different: A. proteins, B.mRNA's only, C. mRNA, tRNA and rRNA, D. all of the above
2. In translation, the initiator complex includes: A. initiator tRNA, B. mRNA, C. small ribosomal subunit, D. all of the above
3. The picture shown here is most likely what type of tissue? A. cardiac muscle, B. simple squamous epithelium, C. dense irregular connective tissue, C. cartilage, D. compact bone (hint: know figs. 33.2, 33.5, 33.7, 33. 8, 33.10)
4. Which of the following are produced by exocrine glands? A. mucus, B. saliva, C. ear wax, D. all of the above, E. none of the above, exocrine glands produce hormones
5. At rest, the neuron potential is approximately: A. 3 millivolts, B. -3 millivolts, C. 70 millivolts, D. -70 millivolts, E. +30 millivolts
6. The junction of the cell body and the axon is called the: A. input zone, B. output zone, C. feedback zone, D. conducting zone, E. trigger zone
7. The parietal lobe of the brain contains the ____________ cortex. A. visual, B. somatosensory, C. motor, D. auditory
8. The form of energy that is detected by a sensory structure is called the: A. stimulus, B. perception, C. sensation, D. action potential
9. Which of the following is NOT found in the epidermis? A. stratified squamous epithelium, B. blood vessels, C. melanin, D. keratin. E. adhering cell junctions
10. Which of the following is/are FALSE? A. calcium ions are released as an action potential is propogated along a skeletal muscle cell, B. acetylcholine provides the energy to propel actin filaments past myosin during contraction, C. calcium ions are stored in the sarcroplasmic reticulum when muscle is at rest, D. troponin binds to calcium and moves off the myosin binding site on actin during contraction, E. ALL of the above are FALSE
Open review times: Tuesday, Nov. 16th 10 am - 3 pm in CNS 158 - sign up for appointment on Kit's door, Evening review - Tuesday, Nov. 16th 7:00 - 9:00 pm in CNS 112 (contact Rebekah or Anthony for details)
Page maintained by Kit Muma - Last modified November 5 2004