Performance --- Secondary Instrument Classes

Students in the music education or 4½-year degree programs take a variety of secondary instruments. Information on when to take these classes is given in the Secondary Instrument Study Plan beginning on p. 606.

The amount of credit given below is determined by the duration of the class.

Previous performance ability may allow a student to be exempted from study on that instrument. A request to be exempted from study on a secondary instrument requires an audition with the chair of the music education department and the appropriate teacher.

557-10100-557-10200 Class Voice   NLA

Small classes in voice to develop an understanding of the vocal mechanism and the application of sound principles of breath control and vowel placement. Primarily for the non-voice major who will be dealing with voices and choral groups in public school and community positions. 1 credit. (F-S)

557-10900 Class Violin I   NLA

Proper position (holding); all major scales and arpeggios in first position; various exercises using martelé, staccato, spiccato at the frog, slurred, and legato bowings. Introduction of positions, including exercises in shifting; vibrato; ability to play the first three Bach minuets, the second using an alternate 3rd position fingering. 1 credit. (F)

557-11000 Class Violin II   NLA

Continuation of 557-10900, including spiccato in the middle of the bow. Some small ensemble playing including violin duets and trios, and some using the viola. (Advanced classes include a more detailed study of the viola; instruction given in proper fingering and bowing of string music. Special effects, such as harmonics and ponticello). Discussion of string teaching techniques and method books. 1 credit. (S)

557-11200 Class Viola   NLA

Instruction in correct positions (holding, posture, left hand, right hand) using all major scales and arpeggios in first position with various bowings (slurred, détaché, martelé, spiccato). Introduction to shifting, positions, vibrato, and three-octave scales. Selected études from Wolfhart, books I and II. Strong emphasis on comprehension of principles of viola playing (includes fluency in reading alto clef) and on teaching techniques. 1 credit. (S)

557-11300 Class Cello I   NLA

Technique including seating, natural left- and right-hand position, shifting, basic bowing strokes, position studies through fourth position, and appropriate scales, arpeggios, and pieces. Modern fingering and bowing principles stressed. Representative books including Margaret Rowell, Prelude to String Playing, and Dotzauer, Violoncello Method (vol. I). Playing by ear. Care of instrument. 1 credit. (F)

557-11400 Class Cello II   NLA

Continuation of 557-11300 and more advanced bowings including spiccato. Thumb position and vibrato stressed along with playing by ear. Representative books including Dotzauer, Violoncello Method (vol. II), and pieces. Verbal emphasis for improved teacher communication. Light repair of instrument. Discussion of teaching techniques and method books. 1 credit. (S)

557-11500 Class Double Bass   NLA

Technique to include seven positions, scales and arpeggios, use of German and French bows, exercises in common bowings, representative études including Simandl, New Method for Double Bass (part I). Excerpts from orchestral literature. 1 credit. (F)

557-11700 Class Guitar   NLA

One-semester course, available after completion of prerequisite piano, mainly for piano and voice majors who wish to use guitar for classroom teaching. Basic and intermediate classic and folk guitar techniques including complete fingerboard, simple chords in first position, ascending and descending ligado, second and third positions, accompanying school basal series pieces. 1 credit. (F-S)

557-12100 Class Flute   NLA

Technique including study of basic concepts of good tone production, embouchure, flexibility, simple tonguing, hand and body positions, simple care of the instrument. Chromatic scales from C1 to B3, major scales in 5-note patterns through 3 sharps and 3 flats; octaves, interval studies; long-tone studies with dynamics; simple articulations. Representative études including Rubank, Beginning Method. Representative literature including Rubank, Selected Duets (vol. I); various reading assignments including Edwin Putnik, Flute Pedagogy and Performance; Fredrick Wilkins, Flutists' Guide; Westphal, Guide to Teaching Woodwinds. 1 credit. (F-S)

557-12300 Class Oboe   NLA

Summary of playing technique (fingers, blowing, and embouchure) with application in long tones and slow scales. Care of the instrument and the reed, treatment of other instruments in the oboe family, solo and chamber music literature, instrument makes, principles of reed making and mechanical adjustments. Pedagogical problems are treated in conjunction with a discussion of various étude books and methods in use today. All students will use a reed of their own making at the final playing examination. 1 credit. (F-S)

557-12500 Class Clarinet   NLA

Discussion of correct posture, breathing, embouchure, hand position, finger motion, and articulation in terms of starting a young beginner. Emphasis on developing a full, resonant, clear, mellow sound; establishing consistent results; achieving clean articulation. Mention of problems commonly encountered in teaching and playing; noting error, resulting effect, and correction. Information on instrument, mouthpiece, and reed selection and care. Survey of instructional materials for beginning and intermediate levels. Performance includes chromatic scale from low E to high E in slurred eighth notes at mm72; all major and minor scales (2 octaves) through four flats and four sharps; representative études from Whistler (ed.), Klose-Lazarus Method. Selected material from level I of clarinet majors includes Bonade's Clarinetist's Compendium. 1 credit. (F-S)

557-12700 Class Bassoon   NLA

Technique including care of instrument (nomenclature, assembly, maintenance). Fundamentals (standing, sitting position, embouchure, hand positions, correct sound, fingerings, and intonation problems). Representative études including Gekeler, Method; Easy Steps; Breeze-Easy Method; Rubank, books I, II, III; J. Weissenborn, books I, II. Representative repertoire including Telemann, Sonata in F Minor; Burrill Phillips, Concert Piece; J. Weissenborn, Capriccio; E. Siennicki, Ballade for Bassoon, Concert Studies; Claude S. Kessler, Bassoon Passages; Vincenzo Pezzi. Work of Tchaikovsky. 1 credit. (F-S)

557-12900 Class Saxophone   NLA

Fundamentals of saxophone technique including handling, care, and assembly; hand and body position; basic embouchure and tone production; basic articulation; alternate fingerings; instrument, mouthpiece, and reed selection; vibrato; and 2½-octave range. Techniques of playing and teaching are emphasized, including observation, analysis, and prescription of peer problems. Materials to include L. Teal, The Art of Saxophone Playing; S. Mauk and L. Teal, A Class Method for Saxophone; various handouts. 0.5 credit. (F-S)

557-13100 Class Horn   NLA

Emphasis on embouchure development and breath control. Technique: all major scales, tongued and slurred, within the two-octave range G to C2; lip slurs. Performance from Pottag-Hovey, French Horn Method, book I, including selected studies in E-flat horn. 0.5 credit. (F-S)

557-13300 Class Trumpet   NLA

Principles of embouchure formation, position, articulation, and the control of air to produce the characteristic tone of the trumpet and cornet. Discussion of and reference to standard study and solo material and pedagogical techniques. Technique to include major scales and their relative minors through five sharps and flats, one octave in quarters and eighths at mm72; ability to demonstrate C transposition; methods of effecting the lip slur; and multiple articulations. Material to include Beeler, Method for Cornet; Farkas, Art of Brass Playing; and Rassmussen, Teacher's Guide to the Literature of Brass Instruments. 0.5-1 credit. (F-S)

557-13500 Class Trombone   NLA

Designed to develop both playing ability and pedagogical competence on the trombone for prospective teachers. Reference to standard study and solo literature. Special attention to the acoustical and physiological characteristics of the brass family as applied to the slide trombone. Discussion of the F attachment and bass trombone. Technique including major and relative minor scales through five flats and sharps, mm72 in quarters and eighths. Beeler, Method for Trombone. 0.5 credit. (F-S)

557-13700 Class Euphonium   NLA

557-13900 Class Tuba   NLA

Function of the tuba, baritone, and euphonium in band, orchestra, and ensemble, with demonstration of musical examples from the literature. The various keys and types of instruments, and uses for which each is best suited. Survey of tuba and baritone pedagogical materials and techniques, with emphasis on establishment of an effective and well-balanced daily practice routine. Representative solos from tuba and baritone repertory. Development of satisfactory tone production and articulation. Playing of major and minor scales and chords, one octave, eighth notes at mm72, through five sharps and flats. Acquaintance with the intonation problems of the instruments studied, and the techniques available for their correction. Development of adequate technique for performance of études and solos of medium difficulty. Farkas, Art of Brass Playing; Bell, Tuba Warmups (book I); Arban's Bass Clef, complete method. 557-13700: 0.5 credit. (F) 551-13900: 0.5 credit. (F-S)

557-14100 Percussion Class   NLA

Orchestral and rudimentary snare drumming with like-hand and traditional hand holds. Standard rudimentary drum literature, teaching methods, and techniques for all percussive instruments. Maintenance and repair of instruments. Class meetings: Two hours per week. 1 credit. (F-S)

557-16100 Class Recorder   NLA

Basic techniques include breath support, fingerings, and articulations on soprano and alto recorders. Ensemble playing begins immediately with emphasis on music suitable for classroom situations in schools, followed by a brief survey of recorder literature from all historical periods along with folk music arrangements. 1 credit. (F-S)

557-17100 Keyboard Musicianship I   NLA

An introduction to fundamentals of keyboard musicianship. Skill emphasis on grand staff reading, techniques, repertoire, sight-reading, diatonic harmonization, transposition, improvisation and playing by ear. Designed for the non-pianist music major. Placement by audition only. 1 credit. (F-S)

557-17200 Keyboard Musicianship II   NLA

The continuation of keyboard skills developed in 557-17100. Additional emphasis on harmonization including secondary harmonies using a variety of accompanimental styles, lead line notation, open score reading, ensemble, and accompanying skills. Prerequisites: 557-17100 or by audition. 1 credit. (F-S)

557-17500 Keyboard Musicianship I --- Keyboard Majors   NLA

An introduction to functional keyboard skills, chord progressions, and harmonization of melodies utilizing diatonic triads and 7th chords. Transposition at the interval of the M2nd and m2nd. Reading of open vocal scores. Sight-reading, playing by ear, and ensemble literature for multiple keyboards. Placement by audition only. (F)

557-17600 Keyboard Musicianship II --- Keyboard Majors   NLA

A continuation of keyboard skills developed in 557-17500. Harmonization of melodies utilizing secondary dominants and other chromatic harmony. Reading of open instrumental scores and the C clef. Transposition at the interval of the M3rd and m3rd. Basic improvisational skills. Realization of figured bass utilizing the harmonic material covered in the course. Prerequisites: 557-17500 or by audition. 1 credit. (S)

557-24700 String Class   NLA

A course in the basic strategies of teaching and playing string instruments with particular emphasis on development of beginners. Also included is a survey of materials useful in teaching these instruments. Class meetings: Four hours per week for one block. 1 credit. (F-S)

557-27100 Keyboard Musicianship III --- Vocal Performance Majors   NLA

A continuation of skills developed in 557-17100, 557-17200. Additional emphasis on open score reading, leading vocal warm-ups and preparing and sight-reading vocal accompaniments. Intermediate repertoire. Prerequisites: 557-17100, 557-17200, or by audition. 1 credit. (F)

557-27300 Keyboard Musicianship III --- Vocal Music Education Majors   NLA

The continuation of skills developed in 557-17100, 557-17200. Additional emphasis on open score reading, leading vocal warm-ups, preparing and sight-reading vocal solo and choral accompaniments, accompanying basal music series tunes, playing patriotic songs, and using the piano for rehearsal. Prerequisites: 557-17100, 557-17200, or by audition. 1 credit. (F)

557-34900 Woodwind Class   NLA

A course in the basic strategies of teaching and playing woodwind instruments, with particular emphasis on development of beginners. Also included is a survey of materials useful in teaching these instruments. Class meeting: Two hours per week. 1 credit. (F-S)

557-35100 Brass Class   NLA

A course in the basic strategies of teaching and playing brass instruments, with particular emphasis on development of beginners. Also included is a survey of materials useful in teaching these instruments. Class meetings: Two hours per week. 1 credit. (F-S)