The following studies were designed to investigate the reaction times of children and adults who stutter and compare these results with matched controls. Both vocal and non-speech reaction times were investigated, as well as factors that might influence the ability to rapidly initiate movement. The influence of interaction and coordination among upper-articulatory (jaw) and vocal movement characterisitcs during rapid voice onset were studied. Particular emphasis is given to the heterogeneity of reaction time and other movement features in the stuttering groups and how this data might be interpreted.

Cross, D.E., Shadden, B., and Luper, H. (1979). Effects of stimulus ear presentation on the voice reaction times of adult stutterers and nonstutterers. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 4, 45-58.

Cross, D. and Luper, H. (1979). Voice reaction times of stuttering and nonstuttering children and adults. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 4, 59-77.

Cross, D. and Luper, H. (1983). Relationship between the finger and voice reaction times of stuttering and nonstuttering children and adults. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 26, 356-361.

Cross, D. and Olson, P. (1987). Interaction between jaw kinematics and voicing onset for stutterers and nonstutterers in a voice reaction time task. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 12, 367-380.

Cross, D. and Olson, P. (1987). Articulatory-laryngeal interaction in stutterers and normal speakers: Effects of a bite-block on rapid voice initiation. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 12, 407-418.

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