REVIEW SHEET #2 - Muscle
9/8 thru 9/17

These review sheets are presented as outlines of the material covered in class.  They do not provide details, but try to highlight the important areas and concepts covered.  You should use these as a general guide to be sure that you fully understand all the major topics covered during these lectures.  This is NOT an exhaustive list, but an OVERVIEW.  You are responsible for the material covered in class, whether or not it appears on this general outline.

1.  Neuromuscular Junction
    A.  presynaptic terminal (motor neuron)
    B.  voltage-sensitive Ca channels
    C.  synaptic vesicles
    D.  Acetylcholine (ACh)
    E.  Postjunctional folds
    F.  ACh receptor (AChR)
        1.  non-selective cation channels
    G.  Acetylcholine esterase (AChE)
    H.  Endplate Potential (EPP)
    I.  Disorders of NMJ
        1.  botulism toxin
        2.  Eaton-Lambert syndrome
        3.  Myasthenia Gravis
        4.  Curare
        5.  Alpha-bungarotoxin
        6.  Organophosphates

2.  Muscle
    A.  Skeletal
    B.  Cardiac
    C.  Smooth

3.  Skeletal Muscle
    A.  muscle
        1.  muscle fiber
            a.  myofibrils
                i.  myofilaments
    B.  Sarcomere
        1.  A band
        2.  I band
        3.  H zone
        4.  sliding filament theory
            a.  thick filaments
                i.  myosin
            b.  thin filaments
                i.   actin
                ii.  troponin
                iii.  tropomyosin
        5.  Cross bridge cycle
            a.  myosin ATPase
            b.  powerstroke
            c.  role of ATP
        6.  Regulation by Calcium
            a.  t-tubules
            b.  sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
            c.  Ca ATPase
            d.  dihydropyridine receptors
            e.  ryanodine receptors
            f.  troponin
            g.  tropomyosin
        7.  Generation of ATP
            a.  anaerobic metabolism
            b.  aerobic metabolism
            c.  creatine phosphate

4.  Muscle Mechanics
    A.  muscle twitch
        1.  isotonic
        2.  isometric
        3.  latent period
        4.  summation
        5.  tetanus
    B.  velocity of shortening
        1.  myosin ATPase
    C.  Length Tension relationship
        2.  sarcomere overlap
    D.  Muscle fiber types
        1.  fast fatiguable
        2.  fast fatigue-resistant
        3.  slow fatigue-resistant
    E.  Motor Control
        1.  motor unit
        2.  frequency of firing
        3.  recruitment

5.  Cardiac Muscle
    A.  sacromeres
    B.  intercalated discs
    C.  regulation by calcium
        1.  internal vs external calcium
        2.  calcium-induced calcium release

6.  Smooth muscle
    A.  cytoskeleton
    B.  actin and myosin
    C.  regulation of X-bridge cycle
        1.  calmodulin
        2.  myosin light chain kinase
        3.  myosin phosphatase
        4.  caldesmon
        5.  voltage-sensitive Ca channels

7.  Invertebrate muscles
    A.  graded responses
    B.  Inhibitory inputs

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Last udpated September 10, 2004.