Gender Issues

Websites
American Association of University Women (AAUW) -- many good reports about gender equity and related issues in education and schools.

Equity and Careers: Progress and Promise -- a 2002 digest about gender patterns in career choices and stereotypes -- "The United States has witnessed significant progress for girls and women in education over the past 30 years. Success is evident in completion rates in postsecondary education, participation in sports, and representation in some professional fields. ...However, serious inequities persist, and in some cases, gender disparities have grown."

Title IX Info -- a website dedicate to providing up-to-date information about the status and pursuit of the many issues and concerns addressed by this important piece of legislation.

Education and Title IX -- up-to-date reports, information, recommendations for reform, and other valuable resources presented by the Women's Law Center.

National Women's Law Center -- an organization that works to "protect and advance the progress of women and girls at work, in school, and in virtually every aspect of their lives" -- very valuable information and resources.

Myra Sadker Advocates for Gender Equity -- a site in honor of researcher/author Myra Sadker, with excellent materials and links to other great sites.

Gender Differences in Educational Achievement within Ethnic and Racial Groups -- a research summary of findings about the intersection of gender and ethnicity/race in education.

Public Perceptions of the Pay Gap -- a 2005 report by the AAUW that presents data about gender inequalities in pay and the degree to which different groups acknowledge and are concerned about it.

Gender Equity: Still Knocking at the Classroom Door -- a 1999 update by David Sadker about ways in which gender bias is still at work in schools and education.

Gender Bias in Textbooks: A Hidden Obstacle on the Road to Gender Equity -- an article that brings an international perspective to this issue -- includes a section about the U.S.

David Sadker's Website -- a collection of good articles by noted gender equity researcher David Sadker.

Teacher Education and Textbooks: The Unfinished Gender Revolution -- a 2003 article about how teacher education textbooks generally fail to address issues of gender equity.

An Educator's Primer to the Gender Wars -- an article discussing current debates over how best to address the needs of both boys and girls, young men and young women, in schools.

Single Sex Schools: A Good Idea Gone Wrong? -- a 2004 article raising good questions about the revitialized interest in and current governmental support for single sex education.

The Trouble with Single-Sex Schools -- a 1998 article in the Atlantic Monthly.

Single-Sex Schools No Cure All -- a 2003 California study.

Department Aims to Promote Single-Sex Schools -- a 2002 article from Education Week about a school in Seattle with gender segregated classes.

The Case for Single-Sex Schools -- a 2003 article in the Christian Science Monitor.

National Association for Single-Sex Public Education -- an organization dedicated to promoting single sex education.

Single-Sex Education -- a position statement by the American Association of University Women (AAUW), and a discussion of their 1998 review of the research, published in a report, Separated by Sex: A Critical Look at Single-Sex Education for Girls.

K-12 Single-Sex Education: What Does the Research Say? -- a summary review of the research.

Girls Write Now -- "New York’s premier creative writing and mentoring organization for high school girls." Their mission is to "provide a safe space for girls to explore and develop their creative, independent voices, and learn how to make healthy choices in school, career and life."

About Girls' Difficulties in Science: A Social, Not a Personal Matter -- a good article.

Encouraging Girls in Math and Science -- a national report from 2007 of "specific and coherent evidence-based recommendations that educators can use to encourage girls in the fields of math and science."

Under the Microscope: A Decade of Gender Equity Projects in the Sciences -- a 2004 report about the findings of a number of major gender equity projects in the sciences.

Achieving Gender Equity in Science Classrooms -- good recommendations and lesson plan ideas developed at Brown University.

Encouraging Girls in Mathematics and Science -- a good chapter about issues and valuable educational strategies.

Weaving Gender Equity into Math Reform -- great resources links, especially for math educators and others interested in the math education of young women.

Voices -- features projects, activities and other curricular ideas designed to foster greater involvement in math and science on the part of middle-school girls.

CyberSisters -- an innovative mentoring program that pairs middle school girls with university women who are strong role models in science and math.

Girls Go Tech -- a site that promotes the involvement of girls and young women in science and math -- includes information and tips for girls, young women, and parents.

Through the Glass Wall: Computer Games for Mathematical Empowerment -- gender equitable and educationally rich computer games and activities.

Annotated Web Resources about Gender Equity and Math/Technology Instruction -- lots of good links.

Challenge Stereotypes about Girls and Engineers -- good info offered at engineergirl.org about how to encourage and support girls and young women in the pursuit of engineering education and careers.

4000 Years of Women in Science -- biographies, other links, and more.

Weaving Equity into Math Reform -- a summary of research reports about gender differences relevant to math education.

Learning Styles in Mathematics Classrooms -- an article that explores the ideas of different modes of math instruction for girls and young women and single-sex math instruction.

Equal Mathematics Education for Female Students -- guidelines for better math instruction for females.

What Each Gender Finds Easy to Learn -- an article about different ways in which the author feels boys and girls develop and display spatial skills.

Does Learning Come In Pink and Blue? Gender and Learning -- an outline of information about gender-linked learning differences.

Tenure Denied: Cases of Sex Discrimination in Academia -- a 2004 study by the American Association of Unifversity Women about the women denied tenure -- "Of the faculty at colleges and universities offering four-year degrees, only 27percent of those awarded tenure are women. A lack of transparency, unclear standards, and biased behavior and decision-making in the tenure process contribute to this problem."

California Women's Law Center -- information about sex discrimination and schools.

MIT and Gender Bias -- a 1999 article about what led to female faculty at MIT doing a study to demonstrate substantial gender bias there that limited opportunity for women -- there were 15 tenured women and 194 tenured men in 1994, when the study was begun.

Number of Female Faculty Increases -- a 2004 follow-up article that looks at what has happened at MIT since a study of gender bias there was made public in 1999. Progress has been made, but female faculty are still, generally, a very small minority.

Women's Education Equity Resource Center -- lots of resources for improving the education of girls and women.

Resources to Infuse Equity -- links to numerous reports about important gender issues in education, published by the Women's Education Equity Resource.

National Center for Education Statistics: Tables about Gender -- many useful tables and comparisions.

Gender Equity for Males: What about the Boys? -- a 2000 report on the importance of addressing gender issues for males, too.

The War Against Boys -- an excellent commentary by David Sadker about the view that a concern for discrimination against women has led to a "war against boys."

ZeAndre Orr and Brooklyn's Jazzy Jumpers -- a great video about a couple of boys who have broken the stereotype that double dutch rope jumping is only for girls -- it also shows the amazing athleticism of the young women doing this stereotypically female sports activity.

Where Ballet Is a Boy Thing -- a NYTimes article about boys breaking stereotypes being involved in music theatre and dance.

Reducing Gender Stereotyping and Homophobia in Sports -- a lesson plan that "asks students to identify and discuss homophobia and gender stereotyping in athletics, and to think about how to combat these attitudes and behaviors at their own schools."

Women's History Month -- activities and information to complement classroom topics.

Voices from the Gaps -- a great website about "women writers of color" -- good bios and links.

Gender Equity Issues in Athletics -- one of the best sites about this important issue.

Secretary's Commission on Opportunity in Athletics -- official homepage of the controversial government commission created to review and revise Title IX Legislation -- includes the 2003 final report and recommendations of the Commission -- for the report, click on "final report" in the dark gray box near the top of the page.

Dissenting Members' Views on the Report of the Commission On Opportunity in Athletics -- a report by Commission members who disagreed with the final recommendations of the Commission.

Title IX Commission: Inequities in the Process -- a report submitted by the National Coalition for Women and Girls in Education, raising questions about the make-up and process of the "Commission on Opportunity in Athletics."

Title IX Report Card -- a good recent article that presents research about what has been achieved and what still needs to be done.

Title IX and Education Policy -- a good report by the Women's Education Equity Act (WEEA) organization.

A Title IX Report -- by the Women's Sports Foundation.

Guidelines about Gender Equity in Athletics in Wisconsin -- good information about specific policies.

Women's Sports Foundation -- an organization that promotes the lifelong participation of girls and women in sports and fitness -- includes research and good links.

National Women's Law Center -- Athletics -- this group's views regarding opportunity for women in athletics/sports -- good information and perspective, especially regarding the recent Commission on Title IX legislation.

Empowering Women in Sports -- good information about issues of gender equity in sports.

Gender Equity in College Sports: Facts and Figures -- data about individual colleges -- go to this site and search for information about gender equity in sport at specific colleges.

Women's Basketball Coaches Association -- a national organization with a membership of 5000.

Influences of Gender and Sex-Stereotyping of Middle School Students' Perception and Selection of Musical Instruments: A Review of the Literature -- Discussion of and recommendations to address gender stereotypes that continue to persist at all levels regarding male and female participation in music.

Preferences and Children's Use of Gender Stereotyped Knowledge About Musical Instruments: Making Judgments About Other Children's Preferences -- this article describes a study that examined how children used gender-related information about music and the effect it has on their opinions of other children's preferences.

Gender Research in Music Education -- a resourceful website that addresses gender issues in music education, in order to establish a place where music educators can discuss concerns relating to gender.

GEMS (Gender, Education, Music, and Society) -- an on-line journal that explores connections between gender, education, music and society.

Infusing Equity by Gender into the Classroom: A Handbook of Classroom Practices -- a lesson plan for students to explore music and the media and to discuss gender roles stereotypes.

For Girls, Writing's On the Wall In New PSAT Exam -- an article about changes made in the PSAT in an attempt to address gender bias concerns.

Reflections of Girls in the Media -- a good national study about media stereotypes concerning gender images.

Media Messages about Masculinity -- an excellent national report about masculine stereotypes, by the organization "Children Now."

Media Portrayals of Men and Masculinity -- part of the Media Awareness website -- good research, opinion, and links about this important issue.

Male Stereotypes in the Media -- good information about damaging male stereotypes.

National Women's History Project -- excellent resources on women and gender issues.

Women of Achievement -- a good list of significant women and related links and resources.

Female Nobel Prize Laureates -- good resources about these women highly regarded for their work and contributions.

Women in History in Children's and Young Adult Books -- good bibliography and more.

Infusing Equity by Gender into the Classroom -- this website offers a variety of lesson plans on gender bias grouped by age level and subject.

Beyond Female Protagonists: Female Voices in Picture Books -- a bibliography of children's books with strong female leading characters.

Adolescent Girls’ Body-Narratives: Learning to Desire and Create a "Fashionable" Image -- a good article.

Listening to Latinas: Barriers to High School Graduation -- a 2009 report that explores the causes of the dropout crisis for latinas and identifies the actions needed to improve their graduations rates and get them ready for college.

The Daughters of Aztlán: A Socio-Historical Survey of Chicanas in the United States -- a history of Mexican American women in the U.S.

Connecting Gender and Disability -- a 1999 digest of research about intersections of gender, disability and race -- "Discrimination is an enduring issue for all people with disabilities. Women and girls with disabilities, however, are subjected to double discrimination: sexism as well as disability bias. ... women and girls of color with disabilities face a third layer of bias in the form of racism."

Notable Women in the World of the Arts -- a site with good links and reources about women in the arts.

Women Composers: A Bibliography of Internet Resources -- good links and resources.

Women Composers -- a list of great links.

Women of the Blues -- an article about notable women blues musicians.

New Moon Network -- an international magazine "for every girl who wants her voice heard and her dreams taken seriously."

Dads and Daughters -- useful curriculum ideas and research.

Supporting Our Sons -- a national organization dedicated to "the development of the whole boy."

How to Raise Well-Rounded Sons -- an article about how to help boys understand and counter male stereotypes.

War Play: Good or Bad -- a short article by William Pollock, author of Real Boys, about how parents and teachers can assess the war play, or aggressive play, of children.

Breaking the 'Boy Code': New Movement Advocates Adapting Schools and Society to What Works for Boys -- an article about the work of the Supporting Our Sons organization to counter macho stereotypes.

EducatingJane.com -- this site is for girls, their parents, and educators and is committed to improving girls' self-esteem, self-awareness, and involvement in the world, with education as their highest priority.

Education World -- this site offers links to great resources that both teach about women's history and suffrage as well as provide lesson plans for the inclusion of women's history in the classroom.

The Feminist Majority Foundation -- this site provides a lengthy and thorough webpage of links to resources devoted to gender equity in education.

The Educational Equity Center at the Academy of Educational Development -- here you can find programs and materials for teachers to incorporate in their classrooms to increase gender equity.

The American Council on Education Office of Women in Higher Education -- there is a wealth of resources for women in higher education to find programs and services to support them in their career advancement and leadership growth.

Some Good Books and Articles
Adenika-Morrow, T. J. 1996. A Lifeline to Science Careers for African-American Females, Educational Leadership, May 1996, 53(8).

American Association of University Women. 1991. Shortchanging Girls, Shortchanging America: Full Data Report.

American Association of University Women. 1992. How Schools Shortchange Girls.

American Association of University Women. 1993. Hostile Hallways: The AAUW Survey on Sexual Harassment in America's Schools.

American Association of University Women. 1995. Growing Smart: What's Working for Girls in School.

American Association of University Women. 1998. Gender Gaps: Where Schools Still Fail Our Children.

American Association of University Women. 1999. Voices of a Generation: Teenage Girls on Sex, School, and Self.

American Association of University Women. 2000. A License for Bias: Sex Discrimination, Schools, and Title IX.

American Association of University Women. 2000. Si, Se Puede! Yes, We Can: Latinas in School.

American Association of University Women. 2000. Tech-Savvy: Educating Girls in the New Computer Age.

American Association of University Women. 2001. Beyond the "Gender Wars": A Conversation about Girls, Boys, and Education.

American Association of University Women. 2001. Hostile Hallways: Bullying, Teasing, and Sexual Harassment in School.

Artz, N. et al., 1999. Gender Issues in Advertising Language. Women and Language, 22(2): 20-6.

Bank, B. & Hall, P. 1997. Gender, Equity, and Schooling: Policy and Practice. Garland.

Belenky, M. 1988. Women's Ways of Knowing: The Development of Self, Voice and Mind. Basic Books.

Bingham, M et al. 1995. Things Will Be Different for My Daughter: A Practical Guide to Building Her Self-Esteem and Self-Reliance. Penguin Books.

Birrell, S. & Cole, C. 1994. Women, Sport, and Culture. Human Kinetics.

Brown, L. & Gilligan, C. 1993. Meeting at the Crossroads: Women's Psychology and Girls' Development. Ballantine.

Brumberg, J. 2000. Fasting Girls: The Emergence of Anorexia Nervosa as a Modern Disease. Vintage Books.

Brumberg, J. 1998. The Body Project: An Intimate History of American Girls. Vintage Books.

Carroll, R. (Ed.) 1997. Sugar in the Raw: Voices of Young Black Girls in America. Crown.

Citron, M. 1995. Gender and the Musical Canon. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Crawford, S. 1996. Beyond Dolls and Guns: 101 Ways to Help Children Avoid Gender Bias. Heinemann.

Dellasega, C. 2001. Surviving Ophelia: Mothers Share Their Wisdom in Navigating the Tumultuous Teenage Years. Perseus Books.

Douglas, S. 1995. Where the Girls Are: Growing Up Female With the Mass Media. Times Books.

Eder, D. 1995. School Talk: Gender and Adolescent Culture. Rutgers University Press.

Eliot, L. 2009. Pink Brain, Blue Brain: How Small differences Grow into Troublesome Gaps and What We Can Do About It. Houghton Mifflin.

Evans-Winters, V. 2005. Teaching Black Girls: Resiliency in Urban Classrooms. Peter Lang.

Farmer, L. 2008. Teen Girls and Technology: What's the Problem? What's the Solution? Teachers College Press.

Fine, C. 2001. Strong, Smart, and Bold: Empowering Girls for Life. Harper Resource Books.

Flynn, R. et al., 2003. Exploring the Use of Children's Literature to Impact the Gender Role Expectations of 5th Grade Students. Educational Research Association.

Gabbei, R. & Mitchell, M. 2001. Middle School Physical Education and Gender Issues: Student Behaviors and Perceptions. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, March, 72(1): A-64.

Gabbei, R. & Mitchell, M. 2001. Middle School Physical Education Teachers and Gender Issues: Two Case Studies. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, March, 72(1): A-64.

Gadeberg, J. & Hatlen, B. 1997. Brave New Girls: Creative Ideas to Help Girls Be Confident, Healthy, & Happy. Fairview Press.

Gallas, K. 1997. Sometimes I Can Be Anything: Power, Gender and Identity in a Primary Classroom. Teachers College Press.

Gilligan, C. 1982. In a Different Voice. Harvard University Press.

Gilligan, C. et al. 1989. Making Connections: The Relational Worlds of Adolescent Girls at Emma Willard School. Harvard University Press.

Glennon, W. 1999. 200 Ways to Raise a Girl's Self-Esteem: An Indispensable Guide for Parents, Teachers and Other Concerned Caregivers. Conari Publishers.

Green, L. 1997. Music, Gender, Education. Cambridge University Press.

Green, L. 1999. Sexual Harassment in Schools and Athletics Programs: A Comprehensive Guide. Sports Law Publishing.

Gurian, M. 1997. The Wonder of Boys: What Parents, Mentors and Educators Can Do to Shape Boys into Exceptional Men. J. P. Tarcher.

Gurian, M. 2000. The Good Son: Shaping the Moral Development of Our Boys and Young Men. J. P. Tarcher.

Gurian, M., Henley, P., & Trueman, T. 2001. Boys and Girls Learn Differently!: A Guide for Teachers and Parents. Jossey-Bass.

Hamilton, et al. 2006. Gender Stereotyping and Under-Representation of Female Characters in 200 Popular Children's Picture Books: A Twenty-First Century Update. Sex Roles, 55, 757-765.

Hartley-Brewer, E. 2001. Raising Confident Girls: 100 Tips for Parents and Teachers. Fisher Books.

Hesse- Biber, S. 1997. Am I Thin Enough Yet?: The Cult of Thinness and the Commercialization of Identity. Oxford University Press.

Horgan, D. 1994. Achieving Gender Equity: Strategies for the Classroom. Allyn & Bacon.

Jones, K. et al., 2000. Gender Equity Training and Teacher Behavior. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 2(3): 173-177.

JOPERD. 1996. Does Coeducational Physical Education Help High School Students Reach Their Full Potential? The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, & Dance, 67(8): 2.

Kilbourne, J. 1999. Deadly Persuasion: Why Women and Girls Must Fight the Addictive Power of Advertising. Free Press.

Kilbourne, J. & Pipher, M. 2000. Can't Buy My Love. Touchstone Books.

Kimmel, M, 2008. Guyland: The Perilous World Wwhere Boys Become Men. Harper.

Kindlon, D. and Thompson, M. 2000. Raising Cain: Protecting the Emotional Life of Boys. Ballantine.

Kivel, P. 1999. Boys Will Be Men. New Society.

Lee, V. 1996. The Culture of Sexual Harassment in Secondary Schools, American Educational Research Journal, 33(2).

Lopez, N. 2002. Rewriting Race and Gender High School Lessons: Second-Generation Dominicans in New York City. Teachers College Record, 104( (6): 1187-1203.

Lopez, N. 2003. Hopeful Girls, Troubled Boys: Race and Gender Disparity in Urban Education. Routledge.

Lyman, K. 2000. Girls, Worms, and Body Image: A Teacher Deals with Gender Stereotypes among her Second- and Third-Graders. Rethinking Schools: An Urban Educational Journal, 14(3):1-7.

Malveaux, J. 1998. Sisters in Science. Black Issues in Higher Education, 15(3): 33.

Matthews, C. et al. 1998. Challenging Gender Bias in Fifth Grade. Educational Leadership, 55 (Dec./Jan.) p. 54-7.

McCormick, T. Creating the Nonsexist Classroom: A Multicultural Approach.

McRorie, J. 2001. High Schools Face Scrutiny, Lawsuits Over Gender Equality in Sports Teams. Curriculum Review, 41(3): 14-15.

Miedziam, M. 2002. Boys Will be Boys: Breaking the Link Between Masculinity and Violence. Lantern Books.

Mitchell, C. & Austin, S. (Eds.) 1995. Gender Equity Through Physical Education and Sport. National Association of Girls and Women in Sports.

Orenstein, P. 1995. School Girls: Young Women, Self-Esteem, and the Confidence Gap. Anchor.

Paley, V. 1986. Boys and Girls: Superheroes in the Doll Corner. University of Chicago.

Paul, D. 1999. Images of Black Females in Children's/Adolescent Fiction, The Multicultural Review, June, 8(2).

Pipher, M. 1995. Reviving Ophelia: Saving the Selves of Adolescent Girls. Ballantine Books.

Pollock, W. 1999. Real Boys: Rescuing Our Sons from the Myths of Boyhood. Owl Books.

Pollock, W. 2001. Real Boys' Voices. Penguin.

Rose, S. 2005. Going Too Far? Sex, Sin and Social Policy. Social Forces, 84: 2.

Rosser, S. 1995. Teaching the Majority: Breaking the Gender Barrier in Science, Math and Engineering. Teachers College Press.

Sadker, D. 1999. Gender Equity: Still Knocking at the Classroom Door. Educational Leadership, 56(7): 22-6.

Sadker, D. & Zittleman, K. 2009. Still Failing at Fairness: How Schools Cheat Girls and Boys and What We Can Do About It. Simon & Schuster.

Sadker, M. & Sadker, D. 1995. Failing at Fairness, How Schools Cheat Girls. Touchstone Books.

Sanders, J., Koch, J. & Urso, J 1997. Gender Equity Right From the Start: Instructional Activities. Lawrence Erlbaum.

Sanders, J., Koch, J. & Urso, J. 1997. Gender Equity Sources and Resources for Education Students. Lawrence Erlbaum.

Schrof, J. 1993. The Gender Machine: Congress is Looking for Ways to Remove Old Barriers to Girls' Success. U.S. News and World Report, August, 115(5): 42.

Shindler, S. 1999. Ophelia Speaks: Adolescent Girls Write About Their Search for Self. Harper Perennial.

Silverman, S. 1999. Can Girls Have Success in the Sport of Education Model? The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, & Dance, 70(4): 1.

Spencer, R., et al. 2003. We've Come a Long Way, Maybe. Teachers College Record, 105(9): 1774-1807.

Stein, N. 1995. Sexual Harassment in School, Harvard Educational Review, 65 (2): 145-162.

Taylor, J., Gilligan, C. & Sullivan, A. 1995. Between Voice and Silence: Women and Girls, Race and Relationship. Harvard University Press.

Thorne, B. 1993. Gender Play: Girls and Boys at School. Rutgers University Press.

Wehmeyer, M. & Schwartz, M. 2001. Disproportionate Representation of Males in Special Education Services: Biology, Behavior, or Bias? Education and Treatment of Children, 24(1): 28-45.

Wick, C. 1997. Microinequity Skits: Generating Conversation about Gender Issues. In Yearbook, 1997, National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.

Wiseman, R. 2002. Queen Bees and Wannabes: Helping Your Daughter Survive Cliques, Gossip, Boyfriends, and Other Realities of Adolescence. Crown.

Danaher, W. 2005. Gender Power: The Influence of Blues Queens. American Behavioral Scientist, 48, 11: 1453-1467.

Scorsese, M. 2003. Interpretive Lessons: Men, Women, and the Blues. Vulcan Productions, Inc.

Scott, B. and Harrassowitz, C. 2004. Beyond Beethoven and the Boyz: Women's Music in Relation to History and Culture. Music Educators Journal, 90, 4: 50-56.

Some Good Videos
Increasing Motivation through Gender Equity, 1995.

Girls Can!, 1994.

Still Killing Us Softly (female stereotypes in advertising), 1987.

Killing Us Softly 3 (more about female stereotypes in advertising), 2000.

Slim Hopes: Advertising and the Obsession with Thinness, 1995.

The Killing Screens: Media and the Culture of Violence, 1994.

Game Over: Gender, Race, and Violence in Video Games, 2000.

Sexual Harassment: Building Awareness on Campus. 1995.

Stale Roles and Tight Buns: Images of Men in Advertising, 1988.

The Power of Suggestion, Part 2 (a critical look at daytime soap operas), 1987.

Slaying the Dragon: Images of Asian American Women in Film, 1988.