The Orchard at
Sage Hen Farm
Lodi, New York

At Sage Hen Farm in Lodi, NY, we have a young orchard, several creekside fruit trees more than twenty years old, a trio of much older apple trees just behind the house, and remnants from an old apple orchard now part of a mixed decidous woods. Whenever we are asked how many fruit trees we have, we honestly answer that we don't know. We have been planted over 80 trees, including apples, pears, peaches, cherries, apricots, and plums. We obtained the trees as bare-roots from different sources, principly from New York State nurseries, Cummins, Miller's, Schlabach's, and St. Lawrence, plus Fedco Trees in Maine. Most of our varieties are either antique or winter hardy, and in the case of apples, recommended for cider-making. We are only beginning to see the first fruits of our efforts. This chart identifies and describes our orchard, apple and other fruit trees. Since we are uncertain as to the identity of most of the established trees, only the trees from the new orchard are included.

APPLES

SUMMER

Variety
Origin
Date		 Fruit
Size & Shape		 Color:
Skin
Flesh		 Fruit Characteristics Flavor Uses Bloom Harvest Storage Root Hardiness
disease resistance 		Source
Year
Location		 Other notes
Coles Quince

Me. before
1850		 large,
flat conical, ribbed or knobby

yellow, dotted

yellow

 firm, aromatic, juicy sweet to sub-acid, mild, quince-like PRINCIPAL: fresh, cider
ALSO: cooking

early
Days: 3-9

 Aug poor Antnvka to z3

Fedco
2007

Row 1

tree: annual
Duchess of Oldenburg (Borovitsky, Duchess, Oldenburg)

Russia
1700		 large, round, slightly ribbed

red yellow, blue bloom

pale cream

 smooth skin; tender, crisp and juicy flesh; become mealy when overripe tart; AoNY: good to very good for culinary purposes, too acid for good dessert apple PRINCIPAL: sauce

earliest
Days: 1-7
light pink-white

 late Aug poor
 G16 to z3
moderately resistant to fireblight, immune from many insect pests

Cummins
2005
first fruit: 2006

Row 3

tree: early bearer, heavy cropper (when young), biennial, needs thinning, tip bearer
Garden Royal

Massachusetts
before 1800

small to medium, roundish flat, slightly ribbed

green yellow red, dotted

yellow

 fine, very tender, aromatic flesh sub-acid, mild; AoNY: very good PRINCIPAL: fresh, cider

early
Days: 5-11

late Aug poor Antnvka to z4 Fedco
2007

Row 6

tree: biennial; early bearer, heavy cropper, needs thinning
Lodi (Improved Yellow Transparent)
Montgomery X Yellow Transparent, NY
1911		 large, conical

yellow green

white

thin skin; coarse, juicy, quickly browning flesh that is crisp early, but soft when ripe, susc. to sweet water core sub-acid to tart, mild PRINCIPAL: sauce, cooking
ALSO: baking

early
Days: 2-9
light pink-white

  late July to early August poor Antnvka to z3
resistant to apple scab, very susc to fireblight

Cummins
2003
first fruit: 2006

Creekside

 

tree: large, heavy cropper, annual, heavy cropper

Northfield Beauty

Vermont.
before 1875;
reintroduced from California

med to large, flat to roundish, asymmetric

yellow red

white

 crisp, moderately fine, juicy

subacid, spicy

PRINCIPAL: fresh, cider, early
Days: 3-9
 Aug to early Sep fair M111 to z3 or z4
 Cummins
2008

tree: heavy cropper.

Developed by Leonard Cady; lost, but discovered by Albert Etter

Sops of Wine

UK
before 1600 		med to large, roundish, but slightly ribbed, asymmetric

yellow crimson, dotted

yellow tinged with pink

soft, moderately fine, aromatic flesh, not as juicy as the name implies subacid, sprightly, hint of anise; AoNY: good PRINCIPAL: cooking
ALSO: cider, fresh

mid
Days: 7-13
light pink-white

early Sep poor M7 to z3 or z4

2002, Miller 2007

Row 6

tree: early bearer, heavy cropper

 

FALL

Variety
Origin
Date		 Fruit
Size & Shape		 Color:
Skin
Flesh		 Fruit Characteristics Flavor Uses Bloom Harvest Storage Root Hardiness
disease resistance 		Source
Year
Location		 Other notes
Antonovka

Russia
before 1750 		large,
flat

yellow

creamy white

tough skin; fine, aromatic flesh sweet to sub-acid, mild PRINCIPAL: fresh, sauce; ALSO: cider, pies early
Days: 3-9		 late Sep
very good thru Mar Antnvka to z3

Fedco
2006

creekside

 tree: moderate to heavy cropper
Briggs Auburn

Me.
before 1850 		large,
flat

yellow

creamy white

tough skin; fine, aromatic flesh sweet to sub-acid, mild PRINCIPAL: fresh, sauce; ALSO: cider, pies mid
Days: 7-13		 late Sep to early Oct
very good thru Mar Antnvka to z3

Fedco
2006

Row 3

tree: moderate to heavy cropper
Cherry Cox
(sport of Cox's Orange Pippin)
Denmark
1942 		medium, oblate

crimson red orange

creamy yellow

 fine-grained, firm, and moderately juicy, aromatic, non-browning flesh sweet, sprightly, spicy, nutty PRINCIPAL: fresh, cider, salads
ALSO: pies, sauce

mid
Days: 9-15 pale pink

mid Sep
 fair to good
thru early Jan 		G30 to z4
susc to scab and canker.

Cummins
2005

Row 5

tree: biennial

Cox's Orange Pippin
UK
(Ribston Pippin open pollinated [possibly Blenheim Orange])
before 1825

medium, oblate

yellow red orange

deep cream

 fine-grained, firm, moderately juicy, aromatic, non-browning flesh sweet, sprightly, spicy, nutty; AoNY: vg to best; A21: vg to best PRINCIPAL: fresh, cider, salads
ALSO: pies, sauce

mid
Days: 9-15 pale pink

mid Sep
fair to good
thru early Jan		 M9 to z4 or z5
susc to scab, mildew & canker; fruits susc to cracking.

Cummins
2002
first fruit: 2007

creekside

tree: biennial

one of J.M.S. Potter's favorite five
Fameuse (Snow)

Canada
before 1730 		small to med, round

greenish yellow red

white

 smooth skin; tender, aromatic, juicy, non-browning flesh sweet to subacid; AoNY: very good PRINCIPAL: salads, fresh
ALSO: cooking, baking

early
Days: 4-10
light pink-white

 late Sep
good
thru Jan 		Bud9 to z3

Cummins
2007

Row 6

tree: slow to bear, heavy cropper, thinning required for good sized fruit

 
Golden Pippin


NY
before 1850 		medium to large, round

yellow green brown

yellow

 coarse, tender, juicy flesh sweet to subacid, mild, buttery; AoNY: good to very good PRINCIPAL: cider, fresh, ALSO: sauce, pies mid
Days: 9-14
 Sep
 good M9 to z4

Cummins
2005
first fruit: 2007

Row 5

tree: early bearer
Red Gravenstein

Europe
before 1650, red strain before 1880 		med-large, flattish round, ribbed, often lopsided

red orange

ivory

 thin, tender, greasy skin; firm, juicy, quickly browning flesh, crisp when not overripe, with occasional sweet water core sub-acid to tart; AoNY: vg to best; A21: vg to best

PRINCIPAL: sauce
ALSO: fresh, early cider

 earliest
Days: 1-7

light pink-white		 late Aug thru mid Sep
 fair
thru Nov 		M7 to z5 or z6
susc to scab, fire blight, mildew, bitterpit, canker

Cummins
2007

Row 6

tree: biennial, triploid, drops fruit, ripens unevenly

Variety
Origin
Date		 Fruit
Size & Shape		 Color:
Skin
Flesh		 Fruit Characteristics Flavor Uses Bloom Harvest Storage Root Hardiness
disease resistance 		Source
Year
Location		 Other notes
Holstein
(Cox's Orange x unkn)
Germany 		large, oblate

crimson red orange

creamy yellow

 fine-grained, firm, and moderately juicy, aromatic, non-browning flesh sweet, sprightly, spicy, nutty PRINCIPAL: fresh, cider, salads
ALSO: pies, sauce

mid
Days: 9-15 pale pink

early Oct
 fair to good
thru early Jan 		G30 to z4
susc to scab and canker.		 Cummins
2008		 tree: biennial
King of the Pippins (Golden Winter Pearmain)

UK
before 1800		 small to med, oblong-conical in shape and sometimes lopsided

orange yellow red

pale cream

 fine-grained, dry, browns quickly sweet sharp, vinous, almond-like or nutty PRINCIPAL: fresh, cider

mid
Days: 10-16
 light pink-white

late Sep to early Oct
 good G16 to z5

Cummins
2005
first fruit: 2006

Row 2

tree: moderately vigorous, upright, heavy cropper, tends toward biennial
Liberty
(Macoun X PRI 54-12)
NY
1962
small to med, variable shapes

red yellow, slight bloom

white

 crisp, fine, juicy, quickly browning skin sweet to subacid; A21: vg PRINCIPAL: fresh, sauce
ALSO: cider, pies

early mid
Days: 5-12
light pink-white

 early Oct
good Antnvka to z4
very resistant to disease and mildew

Fedco
2004
first fruit: 2007

Row 4

tree: annual, heavy cropper, thinning required for good sized fruit
Magog Redstreak

Vermont
before 1900
large, oblate conic, faintly ribbed

light yellow, splashed with red; some russet

cream

 juicy, rather fine sprightly pleasant, mildly sub-acid; AoNY: good PRINCIPAL: cooking
ALSO: cider, pies

 

 Sep
 uneven to Jan M111 to z3

Cummins: 2008

Row 7

tree: annual, but heavy biennally; moderately vigorous, upright
Mother

Mass
before 1850
medium, round

golden yellow, covered with bright deep red and carmine stripes

fine, tender, aromatic, juicy mildly sub-acid; AoNY: vg-best PRINCIPAL: fresh

mid
Days: 10-16

 Sep
 fair to Nov M7 to z4

Cummins: 2008

Row 7

tree: biennial, slow grower; moderately vigorous,
Porter

Mass
before 1800		 medium, oblong, ovate

bright yellow, with dull blush

tender, rich, aromatic rather acid PRINCIPAL: pies, fresh (but very tart), cider

mid
Days: 10-16
 light pink-white

late Sept
 good Bud9 to z4

Schlabach 2008

Row 7

tree:

specificall recommended in early Fannie Farmer cookbooks for pies

Saint Edmund's Russet
(St. Edmund's Pippin)

UK
before 1870 		medium, flat

green yellow russet; tough

pale cream

very juicy, aromatic, firm, crisp, non-browning flesh sweet to sub-acid PRINCIPAL: fresh, cider early-mid
Days: 5-11
light pink-white		 late Sep
 fair Antnvka to z3, z5 or z6 some resistance to scab and cedar apple rust

St.Lawrence
2004

Row 1

tree: early bearer, tip bearer

one of J.M.S. Potter's favorite five

Twenty Ounce
(Cayuga Redstreak)

NY
18

very large, roundish, slightly uneven

green yellow, splashed and marbled with red

 crisp, course-grained brisk sub-acid; AoNY: good for cul, 2nd rate for fresh PRINCIPAL: cooking, baking

mid
Days: 9-15
light pink-white

 late Sep
 good to Nov M7 to z3

Cummins
2008

Row 7

tree: vigorous
Wealthy
(Cherry crab open pollinated)
Minn., from Me.
before 1860
medium, round conic, slightly ribbed

red yellow

greenish white tinged with pink

tough skin that can become greasy; crisp, tender, fine-grained, very juicy flesh

soft, coarse?

sub-acid, mild; AoNY: good to very good PRINCIPAL: cooking, baking
ALSO: fresh, cider 		mid/extended
Days: 9-17 (good pollinator) light pink-white 		mid Sep to early Oct
 fair Bud118 to z3
susc to cedar-apple rust and fireblight

Cummins
2007

Row 6

tree: early bearer, heavy cropper (when young) & biennial, drops fruit

 

WINTER

Variety
Origin
Date		 Fruit
Size & Shape		 Color:
Skin
Flesh		 Fruit Characteristics Flavor Uses Bloom Harvest Storage Root Hardiness
disease resistance 		Source
Year
Location		 Other notes
Ashmead's Kernel

UK
before 1700		 small to medium,
flat round, slightly ribbed

yellow russet

creamy white

crisp, juicy, dense, firm, aromatic, browns quickly sharp, sprightly; A21:vg to best

PRINCIPAL: cider
ALSO: fresh

 mid-late
Days: 11-17 		mid/late Oct
 very good thru Feb Antnvka to z3
resistant to scab, powdery mildew

St.Lawrence
2004

Row 3

tree: early bearer, tends toward biennial, needs thinning

special: one of J.M.S. Potter's favorite five

Baldwin (Woodpecker)

Mass.
before 1740 		large,
round conical

crimson red yellow, dotted

white tingued with green

tough skin; firm, crisp, juicy; aromatic flesh sub-acid; AoNY: good to very good PRINCIPAL: fresh, cider,
ALSO: pies, sauce

mid-late
Days: 11-17
white

 late Oct
excellent thru May 15 Antnvka to z4

Fedco
2004

Row 1

tree: heavy cropper, biennial, needs thinning, triploid

Black Oxford

Me.
before 1790 		small to medium, round conical  

deep purple, blue bloom, dotted

greenish white

   sub-acid to tart PRINCIPAL: pies, cider
ALSO: fresh, sauce 		late
Days: 13-19		 late Oct
 excellent thru Apr Antnvka to z3
disease resistant

Fedco
2004

Row 3

tree: biennial

Blue Pearmain

New England
early 1800s

large,
flattish round, but variable & irregular, some ribbing

deep red yellow, blue bloom, dotted

creamy yellow

 tough skin; moderately firm, rather coarse, not crisp, aromatic flesh sweet to sub-acid, mild; AoNY: good PRINCIPAL: cider, fresh

early-mid
Days: 7-13

early/mid Oct
 very good
thru Feb 		Antnvka to z2 or z3

St Lawrence
2004

Row 3

tree: slow to bear, shy bearer

special: featured in Thoreau's essay "Wild apples"

Calville Blanc d'Hiver
(White WInter Calville)

France
before 1600

med, roundish conic, ribbed; often mishaped

pale yellow tinged with green, with faint blush

white

   rich, sprightly PRINCIPAL: cider, fresh

 
very good
thru Mar 		M7 to z2 or z3

Cummins
2008

Row 7

tree: slow to bear, shy bearer

 
Esopus Spitzenberg
NY
before 1790 		med-large, roundish ovate, slightly ribbed, slight bloom

red yellow, dotted

deep cream

tough skin; juicy, very crisp, aromatic flesh, with some water-core sub-acid to tart, sprightly; AoNY: vg to best; A21: vg to best PRINCIPAL: fresh, cider, sauce
ALSO: pies

mid
Days: 9-15
light pink-white

 mid Oct
 very good
thru Mar 		M9 to z4 or z5
susc to canker, scab & fire blight

Cummins
2006
& 2007

Rows 4 & 5

tree: slow to bear, biennial, shy to moderate cropper, fruit ripens unevenly, requires rich, fertile soil

special: planted by T. Jefferson & G. Washington

Variety
Origin
Date		 Fruit
Size & Shape		 Color:
Skin
Flesh		 Fruit Characteristics Flavor Uses Bloom Harvest Storage Root Hardiness
disease resistance 		Source
Year
Location		 Other notes
Golden Russet
(English Russet seedling)
NY before 1750		 large, round

yellow russet

cream

 crisp, fine-grained, yellow flesh; very juicy, browns quickly sweet, sprightly; AoNY: very good  to best PRINCIPAL: cider, fresh
ALSO: sauce, pies

early
Days: 3-9

 

 late Oct
 excellent
thru Apr 		M7 to z4
some resistance to scab and cedar apple rust

Cummins
2004
first fruit: 2007

Rows 1 & 3

tree: annual, heavy cropper, tip bearer
Grimes Golden

WV
before 1800		 medium (small in NY), oblong, slightly ribbed

yellow, some russet

pale cream tinged with orange

tough skin; crisp juicy, aromatic flesh

sweet to sub-acid; AoNY: vg to best; A21: vg to best PRINCIPAL: fresh, cider

early-mid
Days: 6-12
 light pink-white

 mid/late Oct
 good
thru Dec 		M26 to z4 or z5 moderately resistant to fire blight & cedar-apple rust

St.Lawrence
2004

Row 2

tree: slow to mature, annual, often heavy cropper (but irregular), drops fruit, self pollinating, good pollinator

Haralson
(Malinda open pollinated [possiblly Ben Davis])
Minn
1913		 medium round-conic

yellow red, dotted

white

 medium-tough skin; firm, crisp, juicy flesh sub-acid to tart, mild PRINCIPAL: pies, fresh, salads,
cider blending, sauce

mid
Days: 9-15
light pink-white

 

 early Oct
 excellent
thru Mar 		O3 to z3
mod resistant to fireblight, susc to cedar-apple rust, scab; susc to cracking & russeting under humid conditions

Cummins
2002
first fruit: 2006

Creekside

tree: early bearer, heavy cropper, tends toward biennial; needs thinning

 
Honeycrisp
(Macoun X Honeygold)
Minn.
1991 		large, oblate to roundly oblate

red yellow, dotted

cream

 exceptionally crisp, juicy, coarse, aromatic flesh sweet to sub-acid; A21: vg PRINCIPAL: fresh, salad, ALSO: sauce, pies mid late
Days: 11-17
light pink-white 		early/mid Oct
excellent thru Apr Antnvka to z3

Fedco
2004

Row 4

tree: annual, early bearer, requires calcium applications
Hubbardston Nonesuch

Mass.
before 1830		 large, round ovate

red yellow, dotted, some russet

pale cream

 smooth skin that can become greasy; moderately firm, crisp, aromatic, non-browning flesh sweet, sprightly; AoNY: very good to best PRINCIPAL: fresh, cider, salads

mid
Days: 10-16

 early/mid Oct
 good
thru Jan 		G16 to z4
fruits susc to dropping

Cummins
2004
first fruit: 2007
(both eaten by dog)

Row 4

tree: early bearer, biennial, heavy cropper
Variety
Origin
Date		 Fruit
Size & Shape		 Color:
Skin
Flesh		 Fruit Characteristics Flavor Uses Bloom Harvest Storage Root Hardiness
disease resistance 		Source
Year
Location		 Other notes
Keepsake
(MN 447 [Malinda open pollinated] X Northern Spy)
Minn. 1936, released 1979 		small to medium, irregularly shaped

red; slight bloom

creamy yellow

 fine grained, very crisp, juicy, aromatic, non-browning flesh subacid to tart, sprightly; A21: good to vg PRINCIPAL: fresh, salads, sauce, pies

mid
Days: 9-15 light pink-white

late?

 mid Oct
 excellent thru Apr Bud9 to z3(?)
somewhat resistant to fire blight, scab & cedar apple rust

Cummins
2005
first fruit: 2007

Row 5

tree: annual
Kidd's Orange Red
(Cox's Orange Pippin x Red Delicious)
NZ
19 24 		med-large, conic, slightly ribbed,

yellow crimson, dotted, occasionaly russetting

deep cream

fine-grained, firm, crisp, aromatic, non-browning flesh sweet to sub-acid, sprightly; A21: vg PRINCIPAL: fresh, cider, salads

mid
Days: 9-15

mid Oct
good, but susc to mealiness Bud9 to z5(?)
some resistance to fireblight & scab; susc to scab & canker

Cummins
2006

Row 5

tree: slow to bear or precocious (depending on source), annual if thinned
King of Tompkins County
(King, Tompkins King)
(Wagener open pollinated)
NY
before 1800		 large to very large, conic, slightly ribbed

yellow orange red;

yellow

 waxy skin that can become greasy; coarse, crisp, tender flesh, susc. to sweet water core sweet to subacid; AoNY: very good to best PRINCIPAL: fresh, cider, sauce, pies

mid
Days: 7-13
light pink-white

 early/mid Oct
 		good to excellent
thru Mar 		Bud9 to z4

2002, 2003, Cummins
2005

Row 2

tree: triploid; annual
Newtown Pippin (Albemarle Pippin, Yellow Newtown)

NY
before 1760		 medium to large, irregular, oblate

greenish yellow, dotted, often russetted

cream to greenish white

thick skin; firm, crisp, moderately fine grained, aromatic, quickly browning flesh subacid to tart, sprightly; AoNY: best; A21: best PRINCIPAL: fresh, cider, sauce, pies

mid
Days: 7-14
light pink-white

 late Oct
 excellent
thru Mar 		Bud9 to z5
susc. to scab, mildew

Cummins
2007

Row 6

tree: tends toward biennial, early bearer or slow to mature (depending on source), requires rich, fertile soil
Northern Spy

NY
before 1800 		large, oblong-conic, slightly ribbed

green yellow red; bloom

pale cream

smooth, thin skin; juicy, firm, fine, crisp flesh subacid to tart, sprightly; AoNY: vg to best, A21: vg to best PRINCIPAL: fresh, baking, cider, cooking

late
Days: 14-20 light pink-white

 mid to late Oct
 variable; very good, if not bruised thru Mar M9 to z4
susc. to scab, bitter pit

Cummins
2004

Row 4

tree: slow to mature, biennial, irregular bearer
NY 674
(Golden Delicious X Monroe)
NY
19 		 

 yellow orange red

white

 non-browning flesh sub-acid to tart PRINCIPAL: sauce, salads, fresh mid-late
Days: 11-17		 late Sep to early Oct
 		excellent M26 to z5

Cummins
2007

Row 6

tree: early bearer
Variety
Origin
Date		 Fruit
Size & Shape		 Color:
Skin
Flesh		 Fruit Characteristics Flavor Uses Bloom Harvest Storage Root Hardiness
disease resistance 		Source
Year
Location		 Other notes
Pitmaston Pineapple
(English Golden Pippin seedling)
UK
before 1785 		small, tall and conic

golden, may be russetted

yellow

 crisp, firm, aromatic flesh sweet, sprightly, hint of pineapple PRINCIPAL: fresh, cider mid
Days: 7-13		 early to mid Oct
 good G16 to z3, z5 or z6

Cummins
2006

Row 5

tree: shy to moderate cropper
Rhode Island Greening

RI
before 1650 		large, round-oblate, ribbed; slight bloom

green yellow, dotted

greenish-yellow

waxy skin can become greasy; firm, crisp, aromatic, juicy flesh tart, sprightly, peculiar; AoNY: vg, A21: vg PRINCIPAL: baking, cooking, fresh (for tart lovers)

mid-late
Days: 11-17 white

 early to mid Oct
 excellent
thru Mar 		M7 to z4
susc. to scab, mildew, cankers

Cummins
2005

Row 5

tree: triploid, biennial, large, spreading, crooked, usually heavy cropper
Roxbury Russet

Mass.
before 1650 		med-large, variable, round-conic, slightly ribbed

green brown russet

cream

 firm, slightly coarse, tender, quickly browning flesh sub-acid to tart, AoNY: good to vg; A21: good to vg PRINCIPAL: fresh, cider, ALSO: cooking, baking mid
Days: 6-12
 early to mid Oct
 excellent
thru Apr 		M7 to z5
resistance to scab & cedar apple rust; fruit susc. to cracking, dropping

Cummins
2004, 2004
first fruit: 2007

Row 4

tree: usually annual/slightly biennial, would require thinning, but shy to moderate cropper, requires rich, fertile soil

special: 1st recorded cultivar in North America

Smokehouse
(Vandevere seedling?)
Pa.
1837		 large, oblate

yellow red, dotted

yellow

 tender, firm, crisp, very juicy flesh sub-acid, mild, cider-like PRINCIPAL: cider, cooking
ALSO: fresh, baking

early-mid
Days: 5-11
darker pink-white

 Oct
 good to excellent thru Feb MM111 to z3
some resistance to fireblight, but susc. to apple scab

Cummins
2005

Row 5

tree: annual, early bearer, heavy cropper (needs thinning)
Variety
Origin
Date		 Fruit
Size & Shape		 Color:
Skin
Flesh		 Fruit Characteristics Flavor Uses Bloom Harvest Storage Root Hardiness
disease resistance 		Source
Year
Location		 Other notes

Starkey
(RIbston Pippin seedling)
Me.
before 1820

medium, round

red crimson, dotted

pale cream

firm, crisp flesh subacid, sprightly; AoNY: very good PRINCIPAL: fresh, cider, cooking mid
Days: 9-15		 Oct
 good Antnvka to z3

Fedco
2006

Row 3

tree: biennial (needs thinning), early bearer

Stayman's Winesap
(Winesap open pollinated)
Kansas
before 1875

med to large, round to cone-shaped

green red, dotted; tough

greenish yellow

 smooth skin; firm, tender, juicy, aromatic flesh tart, wine-like; A21: vg PRINCIPAL: fresh, cider, salad, ALSO: cooking, baking

mid
Days: 9-15
light pink-white

 late Oct
 very good
thru Mar 		M7 to z5 or z6
resistance to scab, cedar apple rust and fireblight, fruit susc. to small cracking

Cummins
2004

Row 4

tree: triploid, unreliably annual; heavy cropper;
Wagener

NY
before 1790 		medium to large, flat to roundish, ribbed

yellow crimson, bloom

pale cream tinged with yellow

skin can become greasy; moderately firm, rather fine, tender, crisp, juicy to very juicy, aromatic flesh

subacid, sprightly; AoNY: very good to best

 PRINCIPAL: fresh, cider, baking early
Days: 3-9
 early/mid Oct
 good
thru Jan 		G16 to z4
susc to mildew, apple scald

Cummins
2007

Row 6

tree: naturally dwarfing, early bearer, heavy cropper (when young) & biennial; tip bearer

 
Westfield Seek No Further

Mass.
before 1800 		medium, round, slightly ribbed green red, dotted, blue bloom possible

white tinged with yellow

 firm, medium-grained, crisp flesh sweet sharp, sprightly, nutty; AoNY: very good to best PRINCIPAL: fresh, cider

mid
Days: 9-15
light pink-white

 late Sep to mid Oct
good Antnvka to z3 or z5

St. Law
2004

Row 2

tree: heavy cropper

 

CRAB

Variety
Origin
Date		 Fruit
Size & Shape		 Color:
Skin
Flesh		 Fruit Characteristics Flavor Uses Bloom Harvest Storage Root Hardiness
disease resistance 		Source
Year		 Other notes
Chestnut Crab
(Malinda X Siberian Crab)
Minn. 1946		 small (but large for a crab),
oblate

yellow red russet, bloom

yellow

 firm, crisp, fine-grained, juicy, quickly browning flesh sweet sharp, nut-like PRINCIPAL: cider blending, jelly,
ALSO: fresh

early mid
Days: 7-13 white

 early Sep
 good Bud118 to z3
resistant to cedar rust

Cummins
2007

Row 7

tree: annual, good pollinator
Dolgo Crab
(Siberian crab open pollenated)
Russia
before 1750 		small, olive shaped

red

deep yellow stained with red

 quickly browning flesh tart, sprightly PRINCIPAL: jelly, cider blending

early
Days: 3-9

 

 Aug
 poor G16 to v3
resistant to scab, cedar apple rust, mildew, disease, and fire blight; may be somewhat insect resistant

Cummins
2007

Row 3

tree: natural dwarf, good pollinator

Hyslop Crab
(unknown parentage)
before 1870

small, roundish or oblong, ovate

yellow red

yellow tinged with red

 fine, juicy flesh, but turns dry and mealy quickly tart, moderately
astringent		 PRINCIPAL: jelly, cider blending mid
Days: 9-15		 late Aug to mid Sep
very good Antnvka

to z3
moderate resistance to fire blight

or very susc to fire blight?

St Law
2005
first fruit: 2007

Row 2

tree: good pollinator, tends toward biennial, heavy cropper

On order or under consideration:

Variety
Origin
Date		 Fruit
Size & Shape		 Color:
Skin
Flesh		 Fruit Characteristics Flavor Uses Bloom Harvest Storage Root Hardiness
disease resistance 		Source
Year
Location		 Other notes
Early Joe

NY
before 1790 		 

 

  

 

 PRINCIPAL: fresh, cider, baking early
Days: 3-9
 Aug     to z4
 Schlabach
2009

 

 
Primate

NY
before 1860
 

red yellow

 

 

 very good PRINCIPAL: cooking, baking
ALSO: fresh, cider 		  early Sep     to z3
 Schlabach
2009

 

 
Peck Pleasant

RI
before 1845 		medium, variable

waxen yellow with orange red blush

yellowish

 crisp, firm, tender, fine-grained, aromatic sub-acid, AoNY: vg to best PRINCIPAL: fresh, cider   Oct good to Feb   to z4 Schlabach
2009

tree: moderately vigorous; slow grower; shy cropper

Rambo
(Winter Rambo, Bread and Cheese)
Delaware or Pa.
before 1700 		medium, variable

yellow with red

yellowish

 crisp, firm, tender, fine-grained, aromatic sub-acid, AoNY: vg PRINCIPAL: fresh, cider   late Sep to Oct good to Feb M111 to z5 Century
2009

tree: moderately vigorous

Virginia Crab
(Hewes Crab)
Virginia
before 1770

small, roundish or oblong, ovate

yellow red

yellow tinged with red

 fine, juicy flesh, but turns dry and mealy quickly tart, musky, moderately
astringent		 PRINCIPAL: jelly, cider blending mid
Days: 9-15		 late Aug to mid Sep
fair to good  

to z5

Cummins 2009

tree: productive, good pollenizer

Thomas Jefferson's recommended apple for cider


Failed varieties, not re-tried: Bramley's Seedling, 2004; Striped Harvey, 2004.

Pears

Variety
Origin
Date		 Fruit
Size & Shape 		Skin Flesh Flavor Uses Bloom Harvest Storage Root Hardiness
disease resistance 		Source Year Other notes
Beurre Gifford
France 		large
pyriform		 red crisp, tender, melting and juicy   PRINCIPAL: fresh   early Aug (summer)    P. communis to z3 St. Law 2002 early bearer
Clapps Favorite
(Bartlett x Flemish Beauty?)
MA before 1860		 large
pyriform		 yellow with a red cheek juicy and finely textured sweet PRINCIPAL:  

late Aug early Sep
(summer)

   unknown & P. communis susceptible to fire blight Reisinger & Fedco
2003		  
Dana Hovey
(Seckel open seedling)
MA before 1855		 small obconic golden-yellow, russeted highly aromatic tender intensely sweet PRINCIPAL: fresh   Oct
(winter)		 keeps extremely well  P. communis to z4
scab and insect resistant 		Fedco 2005 vigorous moderately heavy cropper spreading tree adapts to a variety of soils
Patten
Iowa 		medium? very large?       PRINCIPAL: fresh, fair for canning   late Sep poor, fruit must be used immediately BET to z3
susc to fireblight		 Cummins 2005 moderately heavy cropper; slow to bear fruit;
Savignac
Quebec 		medium greenish yellow juicy very sweet PRINCIPAL: fresh, canning   Sep poor, fruit must be used immediately P. communis to z3 St Law 2002 heavy cropper
Seckel
(Sugar Pear) 		small, obconic reddish-brown russet over yellow or greenish-brown creamy white intensely sweet PRINCIPAL: fresh, preserving, spicing mid mid
(fall)		 good BET to z4; resistant to fire blight Cummins 2003 self fertile; thinning helps increase fruit size
Tyson pyriform red         (summer)   P. communis   Fedco 2003  
Vermont Beauty medium, obovate acute lemon yellow with a bright red
blush & pinkish-red dots		 yellow-tinged, tender, melting, smooth, dense, fine-grained,
juicy, aromatic with very few grit cells		   PRINCIPAL: fresh     fair  P. communis to z4susceptible to scab. Fedco 2006 vigorous upright spreading

Failed varieties: Brandy, Golden Spice

Peaches

Variety
Origin
Date		 Fruit
Size & Shape 		Skin Flesh Flavor Uses Source Year Pick Keeps Root Hardiness
disease resistance 		Other notes
Eden
(NY1466)
(Champion x Raritan Rose)
NY 1940 		med to large,
round 		red over creamy white, little fuzz white, firm, browns quickly, freestone  excellent PRINCIPAL: fresh ALSO: canning
POOR: jams 		Cummins 2007 @ Aug 27-31   Halford to z5 tree: vigourous, heavy cropper, self pollinator 
Madison
Wisconsin		 large,
round 		red against yellow, little fuzz yellow, browns quickly, medium soft, freestone excellent PRINCIPAL: fresh, canning, Cummins 2007 @ Sep 10-14 good  Halford to z4 or z5 tree: self pollinator

Red Haven
Michigan

 med,
round 		predominently red over golden yellow yellow with red around pit, non-browning, firm, freestone to semi-freestone excellent PRINCIPAL: fresh, cooking, freezing;
ALSO: canning		 Cummins 2005 @ Aug 19-23 poor Halford to z5
susceptible to brown rot blossom and fruit rot		 tree: self pollinator, vigorous, heavy cropper (needs thinning)
Reliance
NH 1964 		med,
round 		yellow with red blush vibrant yellow, browns quickly, medium soft, freestone to semi-freestone good PRINCIPAL: fresh, canning, freezing  Cummins 2005
first fruit 2007 		@ Aug 14-8 fair Halford to z4 tree: self pollinator, vigorous, fast-growing
Finger Lakes Super Hardy
NY		   red-orange over yellow yellow, non-browning, freestone very good PRINCIPAL: fresh, canning, Miller @ Sep 14-18   standard to z5 tree: self pollinator
Veteran
(Early Elbert