After
graduating, Warhol moved to New York and earned his living as
a commercial illustrator. In the late 1950s he began to paint.
He produced images of Coke bottles, dollar bills, Brillo boxes,
animals, and flowers. Using a silk-screen printing process, he
began mass-producing these ordinary images of consumer goods.
He had painted famous people, too, and found he liked printing
variations of these celebrity portraits in garish colors. The
silk-screen technique, with its ability to repeat images endlessly,
reflected his view of American culture as empty. Warhol’s work
placed him in the forefront of the emerging pop art movement in
the United States.
Warhol
also made films. Usually classified as underground movies, his
works include The Chelsea Girls (1966), Eat (1963),
My Hustler (1965), and Blue Movie (1969). The films
are known for their eroticism, plotlessness, and length — one
runs some 25 hours.
He
published books, including Andy Warhol’s Exposures (1969)
and The Philosophy of Andy Warhol (From A to B and Back
Again) (1975). In 1969 he founded Interview, a magazine
of fashion news, film, art, and high society gossip that is still
popular. In the 1970s he began recording his daily movements in
conversations with Pat Hackett, who published them after his death
as The Andy Warhol Diaries.
In
1987 Andy Warhol, 59, died after gall bladder surgery. He bequeathed
funds to establish a foundation for young artists.
Andy
Warhol is widely thought of as a great painter of contemporary
society and its objects. His art reflects the events and myths
of 20th-century America. Besides the endangered species series,
he created a skull series, a guns-and-knives series, a disaster
series, an electric chair series, a 13-most-wanted-men series,
a 10-American-myths series, and a 10-Jews-of-the-20th-century
series.
Warhol
captured the spirit of American consumerism. His corpus includes
many renderings of pedestrian objects. While depicting objects
— and even people — as having mechanical qualities, he imparts
to them a new level of meaning. An able self-promoter, Warhol
deliberately cultivated an aura of mystery about his person —
perhaps to lend his art an air of mystery as well. In his work
he overstates and glamorizes, making it more difficult to reach
judgments and see clear meaning. This exaggeration accentuates
the detachment of the viewer from the image.
Warhol’s
typical style can be seen in the Endangered Species prints.
The gaudy colors and heavy line quality make the animal portraits
abstract, two-dimensional, and full of tension. At the same time
Warhol has humanized these animals, making them seem emotional
and intriguing. He sees beneath the surface, although many critics
see his art as "only" about the surface. This exhibition is both
vivid and powerful.